Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Content Navigation and Manipulation

ABSTRACT

An electronic device displays content of a first content item, wherein the first content item is one of a sequence of content items. The device detects a user input that includes movement of a contact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the user input: in accordance with a determination that the user input meets item-switching criteria, the device replaces display of the first content item with display of a second content item in the sequence of content items, wherein the item-switching criteria include a criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user input does not meet the item-switching criteria, the device navigates through the content of the first content item in accordance with the movement of the contact.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/009,688, filed Jan. 28, 2016, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/235,490, filed Sep. 30, 2015, andU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/203,387, filed Aug. 10, 2015,all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitivesurfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices withtouch-sensitive surfaces used for navigating and manipulating displayedcontent.

BACKGROUND

The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers andother electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recentyears. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads andtouch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to navigate andmanipulate content in user interfaces on a display.

Exemplary types of navigation and manipulation include scrolling,zooming, and adjusting the position and/or size of one or more userinterface objects, as well as reordering user interface objects.Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text,icons, control elements such as buttons, and other graphics. A userwill, in some circumstances, need to navigate and manipulate content ina reader application (e.g., iBooks from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture,iPhoto, Photos from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content(e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from AppleInc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentationapplication (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a wordprocessing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.).

But existing methods for performing these navigations and manipulationsare cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, these methods take longerthan necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration isparticularly important in battery-operated devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, moreefficient methods and interfaces for content navigation andmanipulation. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement orreplace conventional methods for content navigation and manipulation.Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature ofthe inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfacesconserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with userinterfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces arereduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, thedevice is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device isportable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handhelddevice). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device(e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In someembodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the devicehas a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or“touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphicaluser interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or moremodules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory forperforming multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interactswith the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts andgestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thefunctions optionally include document reading, image editing, drawing,presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing,telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workoutsupport, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digitalmusic playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executableinstructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included ina non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computerprogram product configured for execution by one or more processors.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, content of afirst content item, wherein the first content item is one of a sequenceof content items. The device detects a user input that includes movementof a contact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface.In response to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input meets item-switching criteria, thedevice replaces display of the first content item with display of asecond content item in the sequence of content items, wherein theitem-switching criteria include a criterion that is met when acharacteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensitythreshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user inputdoes not meet the item-switching criteria, the device navigates throughthe content of the first content item in accordance with the movement ofthe contact.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: presenting a first portion of a list ofitems on the display. The device detects a contact on thetouch-sensitive surface while the first portion of the list of items ispresented on the display and a first movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface while a characteristic intensity of the contactremains below a first intensity threshold. In response to detecting thefirst movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while thecharacteristic intensity of the contact remains below the firstintensity threshold, the device scrolls the list of items to present asecond portion of the list of items on the display in accordance withthe first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Whilea focus selector associated with the contact is located on a first itemin the second portion of the list of items presented on the display, thedevice detects an increase in the characteristic intensity of thecontact above the first intensity threshold followed by a secondmovement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response todetecting the increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by the second movement ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves the firstitem relative to other items in the second portion of the list of itemspresented on the display in accordance with the second movement of thecontact.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: presenting a first portion of structuredcontent on the display. The structured content includes a plurality ofsections, and the first portion includes content from a first section ofthe plurality of sections. The device detects a first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface while the first portion of the structuredcontent is presented on the display. The device detects an increase in acharacteristic intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface and detects a first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact and detecting the firstmovement of the first contact: in accordance with a determination thatthe characteristic intensity of the contact increases above a firstintensity threshold, the device translates the structured content todisplay a start of a second section adjacent to the first section of thestructured content at a predefined location on the display; and inaccordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of thecontact does not increase above the first intensity threshold, thedevice translates the structured content in accordance with a magnitudeof the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: presenting a first portion of content onthe display. While presenting the first portion of the content on thedisplay, the device detects a first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface and detects a first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the first movement ofthe first contact, the device scrolls the content to present a secondportion of the content on the display in accordance with the firstmovement of the first contact. The device detects an increase inintensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface during thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface.After detecting the increase in intensity of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface during the first movement of the first contacton the touch-sensitive surface, the device detects a lift-off of thefirst contact following the first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the lift-off of thefirst contact following the first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface, the device moves the content on the display byan amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of thefirst contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: presenting a first portion of content onthe display. While presenting the first portion of the content, thedevice detects a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface anddetects a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface. The device detects a lift-off of the first contact followingthe first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface.In response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact following thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface: inaccordance with a determination that the first contact had acharacteristic intensity above a respective intensity threshold prior tothe lift-off of the first contact, the device scrolls through thecontent to a predefined portion of the content; and in accordance with adetermination that the first contact had a characteristic intensitybelow the respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of thefirst contact, the device scrolls through the content by an amount thatis determined based on a characteristic speed of the first contactduring the first movement.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: enable display, on the display unit, of content of afirst content item, wherein the first content item is one of a sequenceof content items; detect a user input that includes movement of acontact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit;in response to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input meets item-switching criteria, enablethe display unit to replace display of the first content item withdisplay of a second content item in the sequence of content items,wherein the item-switching criteria include a criterion that is met whena characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensitythreshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user inputdoes not meet the item-switching criteria, enable the display unit tonavigate through the content of the first content item in accordancewith the movement of the contact.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: present a first portion of a list of items on the displayunit; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while thefirst portion of the list of items is presented on the display unit;detect a first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit while a characteristic intensity of the contact remains below afirst intensity threshold; in response to detecting the first movementof the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while thecharacteristic intensity of the contact remains below the firstintensity threshold, scroll the list of items to present a secondportion of the list of items on the display unit in accordance with thefirst movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; whilea focus selector associated with the contact is located on a first itemin the second portion of the list of items presented on the displayunit, detect an increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by a second movement of thecontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response todetecting the increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by the second movement ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, move the first itemrelative to other items in the second portion of the list of itemspresented on the display unit in accordance with the second movement ofthe contact.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: present a first portion of structured content on thedisplay unit, wherein the structured content includes a plurality ofsections, and the first portion includes content from a first section ofthe plurality of sections; detect a first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit while the first portion of the structured content ispresented on the display unit; detect an increase in a characteristicintensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit anddetecting a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit; and, in response to detecting the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact and detecting the firstmovement of the first contact: in accordance with a determination thatthe characteristic intensity of the contact increases above a firstintensity threshold, translate the structured content to enable displayof a start of a second section adjacent to the first section of thestructured content at a predefined location on the display unit; and, inaccordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of thecontact does not increase above the first intensity threshold, translatethe structured content in accordance with a magnitude of the movement ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: present a first portion of content on the display unit;while presenting the first portion of the content on the display unit:detect a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect afirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit;in response to detecting the first movement of the first contact, scrollthe content to present a second portion of the content on the displayunit in accordance with the first movement of the first contact; detectan increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit during the first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit; after detecting the increase in intensityof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit during thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit,detect a lift-off of the first contact following the first movement ofthe first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in responseto detecting the lift-off of the first contact following the firstmovement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, movethe content on the display unit by an amount that is determined based ona characteristic intensity of the first contact and a characteristicspeed of the first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the firstcontact.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: present a first portion of content on the display unit;while presenting the first portion of the content: detect a firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect a first movementof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; detect alift-off of the first contact following the first movement of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response todetecting the lift-off of the first contact following the first movementof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit: in accordancewith a determination that the first contact had a characteristicintensity above a respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-offof the first contact, scroll through the content to a predefined portionof the content; and in accordance with a determination that the firstcontact had a characteristic intensity below the respective intensitythreshold prior to the lift-off of the first contact, scroll through thecontent by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic speedof the first contact during the first movement.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors todetect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one ormore processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or moreprograms are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by theone or more processors and the one or more programs include instructionsfor performing or causing performance of the operations of any of themethods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, acomputer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions whichwhen executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to performor cause performance of the operations of any of the methods describedherein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interfaceon an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to executeone or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of theelements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which areupdated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methodsdescribed herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronicdevice includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionallyone or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface; and means for performing or causing performanceof the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordancewith some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use inan electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, andoptionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing or causingperformance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.

Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces andoptionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methodsand interfaces for content navigation and manipulation, therebyincreasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction withsuch devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replaceconventional methods for content navigation and manipulation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 4C-4E illustrate exemplary dynamic intensity thresholds inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating withinand between content items in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigating withinand between content items in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of reordering listitems in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigatingstructured content in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of variable movementof content in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 10A-10C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of scrolling to apredefined portion of content in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11-15 are functional block diagrams of an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Many electronic devices use graphical user interfaces to display userinterface objects (e.g., content items). There is often a need tonavigate the user interface objects, the position of one or more userinterface objects with respect to the position of a different userinterface object, or a component of the user interface object withrespect to another component of the user interface object. Thus, thereis a need to manipulate user interface objects in a fast, efficient, andconvenient manner on an electronic device with a touch-sensitivesurface.

Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that presentlists of items such as digital content, bookmarks, locations (e.g.,locations for which weather information is displayed) folders and/orother items. A user may need to move an item in a list to a differentlocation in a list. For example, a user may reorder a playlist ofdigital content to change a location of a particular content item withinthe playlist. Here, methods are disclosed that streamline listreordering by enabling a user to use the same input gesture for listscrolling and list reordering functions. The function resulting from agesture depends on a characteristic intensity of a contact in thegesture. Providing different functions resulting from the same input,based on an intensity component of the input, increases the range ofcontrols available to a user.

Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with features fornavigating structured content, such as graphical user interfaces forreader applications and other applications for displaying content. Auser may need to access a start of a next section following a currentlydisplayed section (or a prior section preceding the currently displayedsection) of structured content. Some methods for accessing adjacentsections require a user to navigate using a menu or a slider control.With conventional scrolling using a slider control, the distance of themovement of the contact is closely correlated with the amount of contentscrolling (e.g., lines, pages, etc.) that is performed. Here, methodsare disclosed that streamline the structured content navigation processby allowing a user to translate structured content directly to anadjacent section using a defined input (regardless of the number ofpages in the current section). Additionally, the user is enabled totranslate either to an adjacent section or in accordance with amagnitude of movement of a contact, depending on a characteristicintensity of a contact in the input.

Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with features forscrolling through content, such as graphical user interfaces for readerapplications and for other applications for displaying content. A usermay need to scroll through content at different speeds at various times(e.g., in order to scroll through different amounts of content). Withconventional scrolling, the distance of the movement of a contact isclosely correlated with the movement of the contact before and afterliftoff of the contact. Here, methods are disclosed that providescrolling movement that changes in accordance with features of a contactin the input, including a characteristic intensity of the contact.

Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with features forscrolling through content, such as graphical user interfaces for readerapplications and for other applications for displaying content. A usermay need to scroll to a predefined portion of content. Some methods foraccessing a portion of content require a user to continually scrolluntil the portion of the content is reached. Here, methods are disclosedthat provide movement-based scrolling and scrolling to a predefinedportion of content in accordance with a characteristic intensity of acontact in an input.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3 provide a description of exemplary devices.FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for contentnavigation and manipulation. FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate a flow diagram of amethod of navigating within and between content items. FIGS. 7A-7Cillustrate a flow diagram of a method of reordering list items. FIGS.8A-8C illustrate a flow diagram of a method of navigating structuredcontent. FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate a flow diagram of a method of variablemovement of content. FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate a flow diagram of a methodof scrolling to a predefined portion of content. The user interfaces inFIGS. 5A-5TT are used to illustrate the processes in FIGS. 6A-6B, 7A-7C,8A-8C, 9A-9D, and 10A-10C.

Exemplary Devices

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detaileddescription, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However,it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the variousdescribed embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components,circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not tounnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc.are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, theseelements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only usedto distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contactcould be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact couldbe termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of thevarious described embodiments. The first contact and the second contactare both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the contextclearly indicates otherwise.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when”or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,”depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or“if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construedto mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upondetecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting[the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screendisplay and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application,a presentation application, a word processing application, a websitecreation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheetapplication, a gaming application, a telephone application, a videoconferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messagingapplication, a workout support application, a photo managementapplication, a digital camera application, a digital video cameraapplication, a web browsing application, a digital music playerapplication, and/or a digital video player application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and issometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer readablestorage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units(CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detectingintensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surfacesuch as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100). Device 100optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactileoutputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). Thesecomponents optionally communicate over one or more communication busesor signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof,including one or more signal processing and/or application specificintegrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by othercomponents of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripheralsinterface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memorycontroller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implementedon separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wirelesscommunication optionally uses any of a plurality of communicationsstandards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited toGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSMEnvironment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.1 lax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE802.1 in), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol fore-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post officeprotocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging andpresence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for InstantMessaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messagingand Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or anyother suitable communication protocol, including communication protocolsnot yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionallyincludes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158,intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and oneor more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. Theone or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signalsfrom/to other input or control devices 116. The other input or controldevices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons,rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels,and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: akeyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device suchas a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) optionallyinclude an up/down button for volume control of speaker 111 and/ormicrophone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button(e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and anoutput interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive displaysystem 112. Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output tothe user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons,video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). Insome embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to userinterface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to auserlinteractive graphical user interface object (e.g., graphical userinterface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed towardthe graphical user interface object). Examples of userQinteractivegraphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button,slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, or other user interfacecontrol.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensoror set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on hapticand/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and displaycontroller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets ofinstructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breakingof the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts thedetected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., oneor more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed ontouch-sensitive display system 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a pointof contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the usercorresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystaldisplay) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, orLED (light emitting diode) technology, although other displaytechnologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and anymovement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensingtechnologies now known or later developed, including but not limited tocapacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies,as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements fordetermining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive displaysystem 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitancesensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPodTouch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution inexcess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen videoresolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater).The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger,and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed towork with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precisethan stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger onthe touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the roughfinger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command forperforming the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating ordeactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad isa touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, doesnot display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, atouch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by thetouch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor(s) 164 optionally includecharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s) 164 receive light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the lightto data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143(also called a camera module), optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capturestill images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor islocated on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 on the front of the device, so that the touch screen isenabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video imageacquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located onthe front of the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., forselfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other videoconference participants on the touch screen, etc.).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled withintensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more piezoresistive straingauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectricforce sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitivesurfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure theforce (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contactintensity sensor(s) 165 receive contact intensity information (e.g.,pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from theenvironment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensoris collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least onecontact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100, oppositetouch-screen display system 112 which is located on the front of device100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with peripherals interface118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is coupled with input controller160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, the proximity sensorturns off and disables touch-sensitive display system 112 when themultifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the useris making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled withhaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 optionally include one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Tactile output generator(s) 167 receive tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generatestactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a userof device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates atactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g.,in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth inthe same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, atleast one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112, which islocated on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168. FIG.1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled with peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled with an inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, information isdisplayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscapeview based on an analysis of data received from the one or moreaccelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition toaccelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASSor other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaininginformation concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait orlandscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, haptic feedback module (orset of instructions) 133, text input module (or set of instructions)134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, insome embodiments, memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, asshown in FIGS. 1A and 3. Device/global internal state 157 includes oneor more of: active application state, indicating which applications, ifany, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications,views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitivedisplay system 112; sensor state, including information obtained fromthe device's various sensors and other input or control devices 116; andlocation and/or positional information concerning the device's locationand/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between varioushardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devicesfrom Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the externalport is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/orcompatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPodTouch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact withtouch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with displaycontroller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad orphysical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes varioussoftware components for performing various operations related todetection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such asdetermining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-downevent), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force orpressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of thecontact), determining if there is movement of the contact and trackingthe movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one ormore finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased(e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitivesurface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts(e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiplesimultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). Insome embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156detect contact on a touchpad.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities ofdetected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap,swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus bydetecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112or other display, including components for changing the visual impact(e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visualproperty) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term“graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user,including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such asuser-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos,animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 inresponse to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata,and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   telephone module 138;    -   video conferencing module 139;    -   e-mail client module 140;    -   instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   workout support module 142;    -   camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   image management module 144;    -   browser module 147;    -   calendar module 148;    -   widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   search module 151;    -   video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up        of a video player module and a music player module;    -   notes module 153;    -   map module 154; and/or    -   online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, contacts module 137 includes executable instructions tomanage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in applicationinternal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370),including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from theaddress book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es),physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating animage with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephonenumbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitatecommunications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134,telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter asequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access oneor more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone numberthat has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct aconversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation iscompleted. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally usesany of a plurality of communications standards, protocols andtechnologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includesexecutable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a videoconference between a user and one or more other participants inaccordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executableinstructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response touser instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144,e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mailswith still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includesexecutable instructions to enter a sequence of characters correspondingto an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, totransmit a respective instant message (for example, using a ShortMessage Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol fortelephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple PushNotification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instantmessages), to receive instant messages and to view received instantmessages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instantmessages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video filesand/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an EnhancedMessaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers toboth telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) andInternet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs,or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music playermodule 146, workout support module 142 includes executable instructionsto create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burninggoals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smartwatches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitora workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store andtransmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158,contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture stillimages or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete astill image or video from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includesexecutable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwisemanipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show oralbum), and store still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executableinstructions to browse the Internet in accordance with userinstructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displayingweb pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other fileslinked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create,display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars(e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by auser (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creatormodule 150 includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g.,turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to searchfor text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specifiedsearch terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video andmusic player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow theuser to download and play back recorded music and other sound filesstored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, andexecutable instructions to display, present or otherwise play backvideos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an externaldisplay connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In someembodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to createand manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, mapmodule 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify,and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions;data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particularlocation; and other location-based data) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail clientmodule 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includesexecutable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive(e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touchscreen 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or viaexternal port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular onlinevideo, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats,such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, ratherthan e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particularonline video.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, andthus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structuresidentified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additionalmodules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (in FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g.,in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., anyof the aforementioned applications 136, 137-155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay system 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display system 112, as part of amulti-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information itreceives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audiocircuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives fromI/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views,when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view.Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see onthe display.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to thesame touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In someembodiments, the event also includes information for one or moreassociated event handlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected ontouch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hittest to determine which of the three user-interface objects isassociated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object isassociated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparatoruses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an eventhandler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hittest.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112, FIG. 1A) in accordancewith some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or moregraphics within user interface (UI) 200. In this embodiment, as well asothers described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of thegraphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one ormore fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or morestyluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments,selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contactwith the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gestureoptionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left toright, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of afinger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) thathas made contact with device 100. In some implementations orcircumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select thegraphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an applicationicon optionally does not select the corresponding application when thegesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, suchas “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively,in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in aGUI displayed on the touch-screen display.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menubutton 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and lockingthe device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbalinput for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile outputgenerators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contactintensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed randomaccess memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solidstate memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storagedevices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devicesremotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 storesprograms, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs,modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and datastructures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawingmodule 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, websitecreation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheetmodule 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 are, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above identified modules orprograms (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwisere-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”        -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online            Video;”        -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Map;”        -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, which            provides access to settings for device 100 and its various            applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A aremerely exemplary. For example, in some embodiments, icon 422 for videoand music player module 152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Otherlabels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In someembodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a nameof an application corresponding to the respective application icon. Insome embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinctfrom a name of an application corresponding to the particularapplication icon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450. Device300 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors(e.g., one or more of sensors 357) for detecting intensity of contactson touch-sensitive surface 451 and/or one or more tactile outputgenerators 359 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 300.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450. Althoughmany of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputson touch screen display 112 (where the touch sensitive surface and thedisplay are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs ona touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown inFIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 inFIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) that corresponds to aprimary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display (e.g., 450). Inaccordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface 451 atlocations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g.,in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470). In thisway, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movements thereof)detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG.4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on thedisplay (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device when thetouch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click(e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor alongthe path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). Asanother example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouseclick while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detectthe contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneouslydetected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are,optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are,optionally, used simultaneously.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or the touch screenin FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen actsas a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations,focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a styluscontact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) forthe force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Theintensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least fourdistinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values(e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined(or measured) using various approaches and various sensors orcombinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensorsunderneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally,used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface.In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensorsare combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine anestimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of astylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on thetouch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact areadetected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, thecapacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contactand/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitivesurface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally,used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitutemeasurements for contact force or pressure are used directly todetermine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., theintensity threshold is described in units corresponding to thesubstitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitutemeasurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimatedforce or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used todetermine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., theintensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units ofpressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a userinput allows for user access to additional device functionality that mayotherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size devicewith limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on atouch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via atouch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or aphysical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or moreintensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has beenperformed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” onan icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensitythresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g.,the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholdsof particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changingthe physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click”threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of alarge range of predefined thresholds values without changing thetrackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in someimplementations a user of the device is provided with software settingsfor adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., byadjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting aplurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click“intensity” parameter).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristicintensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact basedon one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. Thecharacteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number ofintensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during apredetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting thecontact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or afterdetecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an endof the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity ofthe contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity ofthe contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionallybased on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of thecontact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an averagevalue of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value ofthe intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of theintensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of theintensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, theduration of the contact is used in determining the characteristicintensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of theintensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensitythresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by auser. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds mayinclude a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. Inthis example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does notexceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact witha characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity thresholdand does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a secondoperation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceedsthe second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In someembodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and oneor more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not toperform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respectiveoption or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than beingused to determine whether to perform a first operation or a secondoperation.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposesof determining a characteristic intensity. For example, atouch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contacttransitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g.,a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases.In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the endlocation may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact,and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipecontact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithmmay be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior todetermining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example,the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: anunweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothingalgorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponentialsmoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithmseliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contactfor purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The user interface figures described herein optionally include variousintensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds(e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT₀, a light pressintensity threshold IT_(L), a deep press intensity threshold IT_(D)(e.g., that is at least initially higher than I_(L)), and/or one or moreother intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold I_(H) that islower than I_(L))). This intensity diagram is typically not part of thedisplayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretationof the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity thresholdcorresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operationstypically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or atrackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity thresholdcorresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operationsthat are different from operations typically associated with clicking abutton of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when acontact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detectionintensity threshold IT₀ below which the contact is no longer detected),the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of thecontact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operationassociated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep pressintensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensitythresholds are consistent between different sets of user interfacefigures.

In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected bythe device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during theinput. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of acontact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggersa first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device toinputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both thecontact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example,for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding asecond intensity threshold during the input, greater than the firstintensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response onlyif a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensitythreshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time istypically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms,depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with thedelay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). Thisdelay time helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. As anotherexample, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivitytime period that occurs after the time at which the first intensitythreshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the secondintensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the secondintensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs.For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep pressinput does not depend on time-based criteria.

In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholdsand/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, suchas user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running,rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs,user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focusselector position, and the like. Exemplary factors are described in U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which areincorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

For example, FIG. 4C illustrates a dynamic intensity threshold 480 thatchanges over time based in part on the intensity of touch input 476 overtime. Dynamic intensity threshold 480 is a sum of two components, firstcomponent 474 that decays over time after a predefined delay time p1from when touch input 476 is initially detected, and second component478 that trails the intensity of touch input 476 over time. The initialhigh intensity threshold of first component 474 reduces accidentaltriggering of a “deep press” response, while still allowing an immediate“deep press” response if touch input 476 provides sufficient intensity.Second component 478 reduces unintentional triggering of a “deep press”response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch input. In someembodiments, when touch input 476 satisfies dynamic intensity threshold480 (e.g., at point 481 in FIG. 4C), the “deep press” response istriggered.

FIG. 4D illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold 486 (e.g.,intensity threshold I_(D)). FIG. 4D also illustrates two other intensitythresholds: a first intensity threshold I_(H) and a second intensitythreshold I_(L). In FIG. 4D, although touch input 484 satisfies thefirst intensity threshold I_(H) and the second intensity threshold I_(L)prior to time p2, no response is provided until delay time p2 haselapsed at time 482. Also in FIG. 4D, dynamic intensity threshold 486decays over time, with the decay starting at time 488 after a predefineddelay time p1 has elapsed from time 482 (when the response associatedwith the second intensity threshold I_(L) was triggered). This type ofdynamic intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a responseassociated with the dynamic intensity threshold I_(D) immediately after,or concurrently with, triggering a response associated with a lowerintensity threshold, such as the first intensity threshold I_(H) or thesecond intensity threshold I_(L).

FIG. 4E illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold 492 (e.g.,intensity threshold I_(D)). In FIG. 4E, a response associated with theintensity threshold I_(L) is triggered after the delay time p2 haselapsed from when touch input 490 is initially detected. Concurrently,dynamic intensity threshold 492 decays after the predefined delay timep1 has elapsed from when touch input 490 is initially detected. So adecrease in intensity of touch input 490 after triggering the responseassociated with the intensity threshold I_(L), followed by an increasein the intensity of touch input 490, without releasing touch input 490,can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold I_(D)(e.g., at time 494) even when the intensity of touch input 490 is belowanother intensity threshold, for example, the intensity threshold I_(L).

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold IT_(L) to an intensity betweenthe light press intensity threshold IT_(L) and the deep press intensitythreshold IT_(D) is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. Anincrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the deep press intensity threshold IT_(D) to an intensity abovethe deep press intensity threshold IT_(D) is sometimes referred to as a“deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of thecontact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensitythreshold IT₀ to an intensity between the contact-detection intensitythreshold IT₀ and the light press intensity threshold IT_(L) issometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. Adecrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensityabove the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ to an intensitybelow the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ is sometimesreferred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface.In some embodiments IT₀ is zero. In some embodiments, IT₀ is greaterthan zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used torepresent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In someillustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent arespective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying theintensity of the respective contact.

In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a“down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, thepress input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contactabove the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease inintensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, andthe respective operation is performed in response to detecting thesubsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below thepress-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an“up stroke” of the respective press input).

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operationis performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input).Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only whenthe device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensityat or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at orbelow the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increasein intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact,depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensityof a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase inintensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensitythreshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, adecrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below thehysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-inputintensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation isdescribed as being performed in response to detecting a decrease inintensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, theoperation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decreasein intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity thresholdcorresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of theseresponses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delaytime has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and asecond intensity threshold being met). USER INTERFACES AND ASSOCIATEDPROCESSES

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronicdevice, such as portable multifunction device 100 or device 300, with adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.

FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for content navigationand manipulation in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 6A-6B, 7A-7C, 8A-8C,9A-9D, and 10A-10C. For convenience of explanation, some of theembodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed ona device with a touch-sensitive display system 112. In such embodiments,the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or styluscontact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or styluscontact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associatedwith a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contactsdetected on the touch-sensitive display system 112. However, analogousoperations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 anda separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting thecontacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the userinterfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focusselector.

FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for manipulatingcontent items depending on the intensity (e.g., pressure) applied by acontact during a user gesture in accordance with some embodiments. Theuser interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes described below with referenceto FIGS. 6A-6B.

FIGS. 5A-5K illustrate exemplary user interfaces that perform certainactions based on intensity characteristics of a user input (e.g.,contact) in accordance with some embodiments.

For example, FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate an exemplary user interface of adevice 100 that performs certain actions (e.g., scrolls through acontent item) when a contact intensity of a user input does not exceed apredetermined threshold, in accordance with some embodiments.Alternatively, FIGS. 5D-5H illustrate an exemplary user interface thatperforms alternate actions (e.g., replaces a content item with anothercontent item) when the contact intensity exceeds a predeterminedthreshold, in accordance with some embodiments. Lastly, FIG. 5Killustrates an exemplary user interface that displays a preview of aselectable affordance when certain criteria of the user input are met.

Turning now to FIG. 5A, FIG. 5A illustrates a user interface of device100 before device 100 performs certain actions (e.g., scrolls through acontent item) based on characteristics of the user input. The device 100displays a content item (e.g., content item 502) on a display. In someembodiments, content item 502 is an email message in an emailapplication including an email content section 502 a, an email titlesection 502 b, and an email header section 502 c. While the examplesshown in FIGS. 5A-5K illustrate content item 502 as an email message, insome embodiments, content item 502 may be other content items, includingweb pages, books, images, text, among other types. In some embodiments,content item 502 is associated with a sequence of content items, such asplurality of electronic messages in an electronic messaging application,a plurality of web browser windows (or tabbed windows) in a web browser,a plurality of applications, a plurality of digital images in a set ofimages (e.g., a single album or collection in a photo or cameraapplication), or a plurality of sets of digital images (e.g., aplurality of albums or collections of photos in a photo or cameraapplication). In some embodiments, the sequence of content itemscorresponds to a plurality of content sections, such as a plurality ofconversations in a messaging or email application, a plurality of weeks(or months or years) in a calendar application, a plurality of chaptersin a book, a plurality of scenes in a video, or a plurality of events ina digital image library.

In addition to the email message, the device 100 also displays othercomponents of the email application, including an email tool bar 503.The email tool bar 503 includes selectable affordances (e.g., aleft-arrow 504, an up-arrow 506, and a down-arrow 508). A section label(e.g., “inbox”) is associated with the left-arrow. In some embodiments,when a user selects a selectable affordance (e.g., the left arrow 504),as shown via user input 511 in FIG. 5I, the device 100 displays aplurality of content items (e.g., email messages 502, 518, 520 a, 520 b,and 520 c, associated with a user's inbox) on the display (e.g., touchscreen 112), as shown in FIG. 5J. When a user selects the up-arrow 506,the email application displays a content item preceding thecurrently-displayed content item 502 (e.g., a preceding email message inthe user's inbox). When a user selects the down-arrow 508, the device100 displays a content item following the currently-displayed contentitem 502 (e.g., a successive email message in the user's inbox).

FIG. 5B illustrates a user interface, subsequent to FIG. 5A, after thedevice 100 detects a user input 510 (e.g., a contact) on the contentitem 502 and before the device 100 performs certain actions (e.g.,scrolls through a content item) based on characteristics of the userinput, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, thedevice 100 detects movement (e.g., press, flick, swipe) and/or intensity(e.g., contact, light, deep) of user input 510. For illustrativepurposes, and not part of the device 100, user inputs are represented asa circle on device 100, where the density of the dots speckled withinthe circle represents the intensity exerted by the user. In FIG. 5B, thedots speckled within the circle are low density, meaning the user isexerting low pressure. Also, for illustrative purposes, and not part ofthe device 100, some of FIGS. 5B-5K include an intensity diagram 501indicating the intensity of a user input determined by the device 100.The intensity diagram 501 includes a plurality of exemplary thresholds(e.g., contact detection threshold IT₀, “hint” threshold IT_(H), lightpress threshold IT_(L), and deep press threshold IT_(D)). In FIG. 5B,because the user is exerting low intensity that falls between thecontact detection threshold IT₀ and “hint” threshold IT_(H), theintensity diagram includes shading that rises to a level between thesetwo thresholds. In subsequent Figures, the amount of shading in theintensity diagram indicates the intensity exerted by a user at a userinput. Lastly, for illustrative purposes, and not part of the device100, user input movement (e.g., movement of the contact of the userinput on the touch-sensitive surface) is represented as a vector (e.g.,vector 512, FIG. 5B), where the direction of the vector represents thedirection of the user input movement and the magnitude of the vectorrepresents the amount of movement of the user input (e.g., user input510, FIG. 5B).

The device 100 is configured to navigate a content item or replace acontent item with another content item based on the received user input.In response to detecting a user input, the device 100 determines whetherthe user input meets item-switching criteria. The item-switchingcriteria includes a criterion that is met when a characteristicintensity of a contact in the user input is above a first intensitythreshold (e.g., “hint” threshold IT_(H), light press threshold IT_(L),or deep press threshold IT_(D)). In some embodiments, if thecharacteristic intensity of the user input is below the first intensitythreshold, the device 100 navigates or scrolls through the content ofthe content item 502 in accordance with the movement of the user input.

For example, in FIG. 5B, the characteristic intensity of the user input510, as shown in the intensity diagram 501, is below a first intensitythreshold associated with item-switching criteria (e.g., light pressthreshold IT_(L)). In some embodiments, the device 100 detects movement512 of the user input in a respective direction on touch screen 112 andnavigates or scrolls through the content of the content item 502 inaccordance with the movement of the user input 510. In some embodiments,as shown in FIG. 5B, the user input 510 is a swipe/drag gesture that ismade with a contact. In some embodiments, the swipe/drag gestureincludes movement of the contact from a first position (e.g., position510-1) on the touch-sensitive surface to a second position (e.g.,position 510-2) on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, theswipe/drag gesture is a vertical swipe gesture (as shown in FIG. 5B). Insome embodiments, the swipe gesture is a horizontal swipe gesture.

In some embodiments, when the device 100 detects the user input 510 andthe characteristic intensity of the user input 510 is below the firstintensity threshold (e.g., light press threshold IT_(L)), the device 100displays a scroll bar 514 indicating the location of the portion ofcontent displayed to the user relative to the entire content item 502.As the device 100 navigates through the content of the content item 502and displays different content portions of the content item, the device100 moves the scroll bar 514 to different positions relative to thecontent portion of the content item displayed to the user.

For example, FIG. 5C illustrates a user interface, subsequent to FIG.5B, of a device 100 after the device 100 performs certain actions (e.g.,scrolls through a content item) based on characteristics of the userinput, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, the user input 510moved to second position 510-2 from first position 510-1. In response tothe movement of the user input 510, the device 100 navigates through thecontent of the content item 502 and displays a second content portion ofthe content item 502, where the second content portion is different fromthe first content portion. In addition, the device 100 moves the scrollbar 514 to a second position that is different from the position of thescroll bar 514 in FIG. 5B.

In some embodiments, the device 100 scrolls the content in a directionon the display in an opposite direction relative to the movement of theuser input 510. In some embodiments, the device 100 scrolls the contentin a direction on the display in a same direction relative to themovement of the user input 510. In some embodiments, navigating throughthe content of the first content item includes directly manipulating thedisplayed content of the first content item in accordance with themovement of the contact. For example, the movement (e.g., speed,direction, and/or distance) of the content, when scrolled, tracks themovement of the contact.

In some embodiments, the device 100 maintains display of a first portionof the first content item in a first user interface region on thedisplay; and navigates (e.g., scrolls) through a second portion of thefirst content item in a second user interface region on the display. Forexample, as shown in FIGS. 5B-5C, when scrolling the content within acontent item 502, a portion of the content item (e.g., email tool bar503) is fixed relative to the content (e.g., the body 502 a of contentitem 502 and the email title section 502 b of content item 502).

FIG. 5D-5I illustrate certain actions (e.g., replacing content item 502with another content item), performed by the device 100 when the userinput meets item-switching criteria, in accordance with someembodiments. In some embodiments, if the characteristic intensity of theuser input is above a first intensity threshold (e.g., “hint” thresholdIT_(H), light press threshold IT_(L), or deep press threshold IT_(D)),the device 100 replaces display of the content item 502 with display ofa second content item 518 (e.g., a different content item distinct fromthe content item 502). In some embodiments, the device 100 replacesdisplay of the content item 502 with display of second content item 518in accordance with other criteria being met as well. For example, asshown in FIG. 5E, the device initiates replacing display of the firstcontent item with a second content item when a user input is detectedwith an increase in contact intensity in conjunction with at least aminimum amount of movement of the contact.

FIG. 5D is analogous to FIG. 5A. FIGS. 5E-5I illustrate operationsperformed by device 100 in response to detecting a user input 513.

FIG. 5E shows user input 513, which is analogous to user input 510(FIGS. 5B-5C) except that user input 513 has an intensity that exceeds a“hint” threshold IT_(H). In response, the device 100 reduces (e.g.,decreases) the size of content item 502 (e.g., zooms-out on content item502 in a z-direction). In some embodiments, the zooming out of contentitem 502 provides a hint to the user that user input 513 will result indifferent functionality by virtue of being a deeper press (e.g., ascompared to user input 510, FIGS. 5B-5C). In some embodiments, the sizereduction of content item 502 is directly controllable by the user,e.g., via the intensity of the user input 513. So, for example, as theuser increases the contact intensity of a user input 513 toward thelight press intensity threshold IT_(L) (as shown in intensity diagram501), the content item 502 zooms-out (e.g., reduces in size). If theuser subsequently slightly reduces the intensity of the contact of theuser input 513, the content item 502 zooms back in. In some embodiments,a plurality of intensity levels within the vicinity of the light pressintensity threshold IT_(L) (e.g., a plurality of intensity levelsbetween IT_(H) and IT_(L)) map to a plurality of corresponding zoomlevels (e.g., sizes) of content item 502. Thus, the user feels as thoughshe is pushing the first content item back in the z-direction by pushingharder on the contact. In some embodiments, as a result of reducing thesize of the first content item, a region 516 beyond an edge of thecontent item 502 is displayed (e.g., a background area that is adifferent color or pattern than a color or pattern of the background ofthe content item 502), illustrating to the user that the content item502 has been pushed back in the z-direction.

In some embodiments, the device 100 transitions to replacing display ofthe first content item with a second content item in response to a userinput (e.g., replacing content item 502 with another content item) whenthe characteristic intensity exceeds the light press intensity thresholdIT_(L) (e.g., an intensity threshold that is greater than the “hint”threshold IT_(H)). In some embodiments, the user can zoom-in to orzoom-out from the content item 502 if the characteristic intensityexceeds the “hint” threshold IT_(H) and does not exceed the light pressthreshold IT_(L). However, in some embodiments, the device 100 does nottransition to another content item until the characteristic intensityexceeds the light press threshold IT_(L). Thus, in some embodiments,there is a range of intensities for which device 100 provides a hintthat content item replacement will be performed based on the intensityof the contact (as well as other optional criteria), but does not yetprovide that functionality.

FIG. 5F illustrates a user interface, subsequent to FIG. 5E. In FIG. 5F,device 100 is replacing content item 502 with second content item 518,in accordance with some embodiments (e.g., device 100 is displaying atransition between content item 502 and second content item 518). Insome embodiments, device 100 determines whether to replace content item502 with second content item 518 based at least in part on the intensityof the user input 513. FIG. 5F illustrates movement of the user input513 (e.g., represented by vector 515). As shown, movement of the userinput 513 begins at a first position (e.g., position 513-1) on thetouch-sensitive surface and ends at a second position (e.g., position513-2) on the touch-sensitive surface.

The device 100 transitions from the content item 502 to the secondcontent item 518 when certain item-switching criteria are met. In someembodiments, the device 100 transitions from the content item 502 tosecond content item 518 when the intensity of the user input 513 exceedsa predetermined threshold (e.g., a light press threshold IT_(L)). Insome embodiments, the device 100 transitions from the content item 502to second content item 518 when the movement of user input 513 alsoexceeds a predetermined movement threshold (e.g., when the devicedetects a predetermined amount or distance of movement of the contactthat exceeds a predetermined movement threshold). That is, in someembodiments, there is a predetermined magnitude of intensity andmovement of user input 513 that is required to be detected by device 100in order to cause the device 100 to replace display of content item 502with display of second content item 518 rather than, e.g., scrollcontent item 502.

FIG. 5G illustrates the user interface subsequent to FIG. 5F. In FIG.5G, device 100 has progressed further in replacing content item 502 withsecond content item 518 (as compared to FIG. 5F). As shown, the userinput 513 moved to second position 513-2 from first position 513-1. Inresponse to the movement of the user input 513, the device 100 replacesdisplay of the content item 502 with the display of the second contentitem 518.

In certain situations, device 100 either replaces display of the contentitem 502 or scrolls through content item 502 based on othercharacteristics (e.g., timing of intensity or movement) of a user input.For example, in some embodiments, if an initial intensity of the contactdoes not exceed an intensity threshold (e.g., “hint” threshold IT_(H) inFIGS. 5B-5C), device 100 scrolls the content item 502 in response to thebeginning of the user input (e.g., an initial portion of a swipegesture). If later, during the user input, the contact of the user inputexceeds the intensity threshold, device 100 transitions to displaying asecond content item (as in FIGS. 5E-5H). In some embodiments, theitem-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of thecontact exceeds the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments, theitem-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of thecontact exceeds the first intensity threshold while the contact ismoving (e.g., moving above a predetermined velocity threshold). In someembodiments, the item-switching criteria are not met if the contact isstationary or is moving below a predetermined velocity threshold, evenif the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the firstintensity threshold.

In some embodiments, the device 100 automatically completes replacingcontent item 502 with second content item 518 when the user has draggedthe second content item 518 sufficiently onto touch screen 112. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 5G, the user input 513 has moved the midpoint520 between content item 502 and second content item 518 past apredetermined positional threshold 517 (e.g., half-way, or a third ofthe way up touch screen 112). As shown in FIG. 5H, the user terminatesuser input 513 (e.g., lifts off of touch screen 112), but the device 100continues to animate a transition to the second content item 518 (FIGS.5H-5I). In some embodiments, the predetermined positional threshold maybe positioned at alternative locations on touch screen 112.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 5D-5I, in some embodiments, replacing display ofthe content item 502 with the second content item 518 includesdisplaying a transition between the content item 502 and the secondcontent item 518 (e.g., in which content item 502 zooms-out, slidesupward off of touch screen 112 while second content 518 slides upwardonto touch screen 112, and second content item 518 zooms-in to completethe animated transition). The transition includes concurrentlydisplaying at least a portion of the content item 502 and at least aportion of the second content item 518 (as shown in FIGS. 5E-5G, forexample). In some embodiments, the transition is dynamically controlledby the user input 513 (e.g., the user can directly manipulate theprogress of the transition via user input 513). FIG. 5I also illustratesuser input 511 corresponding to selection of affordance 504.

FIG. 5J illustrates the result of user input 511, namely that the device100 navigates back to a user interface showing a list view of the user'semails (including content item 502, content item 518, and additionalemails 520 a through 520 c). FIG. 5J illustrates that, in someembodiments, the second content item 518 is sequentially adjacent to thecontent item 502 (e.g. in the sequence of content items, as shown inFIG. 5J) and is selected based on the respective direction of themovement of the user input 513. That is, in some embodiments, a deepswipe transitions to the next email or previous email depending on theswipe direction, while a normal swipe (e.g., a swipe with acharacteristic intensity below a predefined threshold) scrolls thecurrently displayed email.

FIG. 5K illustrates an exemplary user interface that displays a previewof a selectable affordance when certain intensity criteria of the userinput are met.

In some embodiment, device 100 detects a user input 519 that isstationary (e.g., includes movement of a contact that is less than apredefined threshold) and over a selectable affordance but is otherwiseanalogous to user input 513 (e.g., the contact intensity of user input519 is above the first intensity threshold associated withitem-switching criteria, such as light press threshold IT_(L)). Inresponse to user input 519, the device 100 displays a preview area 521of content that corresponds to the selectable affordance overlaid on thecontent item 502. Thus, in some embodiments, a press input over aselectable affordance within content item 502, where the press input hasan intensity above IT_(L), triggers different functionality than aswipe/drag over content item 502, where the swipe/drag has an intensityabove IT_(L).

FIGS. 5L-5U illustrate exemplary user interfaces for reordering listitems in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in thesefigures are used to illustrate the processes described below, includingthe processes described below with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C.

FIG. 5L illustrates a portion of a list of items, in accordance withsome embodiments. A list of items 532 includes items 534, 536, 538, 540,542, 544, 546, and 548, as indicated at FIGS. 5L-5U. In FIG. 5L, aportion of the list of items including items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542,and 544 is presented on touch screen 112.

FIGS. 5M-5N illustrate scrolling of list of items 532 when movement isdetected while a characteristic intensity of the contact remains below afirst intensity threshold.

In FIG. 5M, a contact is received at touch screen 112 at a locationindicated by focus selector 550. The contact moves across touch screen112 along a path indicated by arrow 552. A portion of list 532,including items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, and 544, is presented on touchscreen 112. As the movement of the contact occurs, list 532 is scrolledin the direction of movement of the contact. A currently viewed positionwithin list 532 (e.g., relative to the overall length of list 532) isindicated by scroll position indicator 554. In FIG. 5M, thecharacteristic intensity of the contact is between a contact detectingintensity threshold IT₀ and a hint intensity threshold IT_(H), asindicated by intensity meter 530.

In FIG. 5N, list 532 has been scrolled in accordance with the movementof the contact from an initial position as indicated by focus selector550 a (e.g., focus selector 550 at a first point in time) to asubsequent position as indicated by focus selector 550 b (e.g., focusselector 550 at a second point in time that is later than the firstpoint in time) along the path indicated by arrow 552. As a result of thechanged currently viewed position within list 532 due to movement of thecontact, a second portion of list 532, including items 546 and 548, ispresented. Items 542 and 544 of list 532 are no longer visible. Scrollposition indicator 554 is shown at a higher position in the userinterface of 5N than the position of scroll position indicator 554 inthe user interface of 5M.

FIG. 5O illustrates a changed appearance of an item, in accordance withsome embodiments. The contact is at the location of item 534, asindicated by focus selector 550. The contact moves across touch screen112 along a path indicated by arrow 556. The characteristic intensity ofthe contact is above a hint intensity threshold IT_(H), as indicated byintensity meter 530. The appearance of item 534 is changed (e.g., arectangular outline is shown around item 534 to highlight the item). Inresponse to the increase of the characteristic intensity of the contactabove intensity threshold IT_(H) followed by the movement of thecontact, the appearance of item 534 has changed (e.g., to indicate tothe user that item 534 is detachable from list 532 and/or on the vergeof detachment).

FIGS. 5P-5U illustrate moving an item relative to other items, inaccordance with some embodiments.

In FIG. 5P, the contact moves across touch screen 112 from the locationindicated by focus selector 550 along a path indicated by arrow 556. Thecharacteristic intensity of the contact is above a hint intensitythreshold IT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter 530. In response tothe increase of the characteristic intensity of the contact aboveintensity threshold IT_(L) followed by the movement of the contact alongthe path indicated by arrow 556, item 534 has moved (from the positionof item 534 as shown in FIGS. 5N-5O) relative to the other items 536,538, 540, 546, and 548.

FIGS. 5P-5R illustrate movement of item 534 that lags movement of thecontact as the focus selector 550 moves across touch screen 112 alongthe path indicated by arrow 556.

In FIG. 5P, item 534 has detached from list 532. The detachment of item534 from list 532 is indicated by, e.g., changes in the appearance ofitem 534 (such as a reduced size of item 534 relative to the other itemsin list 532) and changes in the position of item 532 (such as a verticaland/or z-axis shifting of item 534 relative to the previous location ofitem 534 shown in FIGS. 5L-5O). A first item slot 558 is partiallyrevealed as a result of the movement of item 534.

In FIGS. 5P-5Q, as the contact moves along a first portion of the pathindicated by arrow 556 (as indicated by the movement of focus selector550 from the location shown in FIG. 5P to the location of focus selector550 shown in FIG. 5Q), item 534 remains static (or moves more slowlythan focus selector 550). In FIG. 5Q, focus selector 550 extends belowthe lower edge of item 534. In FIG. 5R, as focus selector 550 hascontinued the movement along a second portion of the path indicated byarrow 556, item 534 has accelerated (e.g., to “catch up” with focusselector 550) and focus selector 550 is again shown in the center ofitem 534. The characteristic intensity of the contact is above a lightpress intensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter 530.In response to the increase of the characteristic intensity of thecontact above intensity threshold IT_(L) followed by the movement of thecontact along the path indicated by arrow 556, item 534 has moved (fromthe position of item 534 as shown in FIGS. 5N-5O) relative to the otheritems 536, 538, 540, 546, and 548.

In FIG. 5S, as focus selector 550 has moved along the path indicated byarrow 556 from a location indicated by focus selector 550 c (focusselector 550 c at a point in time) to a location indicated by focusselector 550 d (focus selector 550 at a point in time later than thetime of 550 c), item 534 has continued to move relative to item 536 suchthat item 534 has moved “over” item 536. Item 536 has moved into firstitem slot 558 (that was previously occupied by item 534 prior to thedetachment of item 534 from list 532). A second item slot 560 isrevealed. As a result of the movement of item 536 into first item slot558 and the revelation of second item slot 560, tactile feedback (asindicated at 562) is generated.

In FIG. 5T1, item 534 is shown inserted into second item slot 560. Item534 is inserted into second item slot 560, e.g., as a result of lift offof the contact from touch screen 112 while second item slot 560 isrevealed (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5S).

FIGS. 5T2-5U illustrate scrolling of list 532 that occurs in response toitem 534 moving within a threshold distance of the end of the displayedportion of list 532.

In FIG. 5T2, the contact moves (e.g., continuing from the movement ofthe contact as indicated in FIG. 5S) from the location indicated byfocus selector 550 along a path indicated by arrow 564 toward a lowerend 566 of the displayed portion of list 532.

In FIG. 5U, as a result of movement of the contact to a location that iswithin a threshold distance of the lower end 566 of the displayedportion of the list 532, the list 532 is scrolled toward upper end 568of the displayed portion of the list 532, revealing items 542 and 544that were not visible in FIG. 5T2. Scroll position indicator 554 isshown at a lower position in the user interface of 5U than the positionof scroll position indicator 554 in the user interface of 5T2. As aresult of the movement of item 544 into a new item slot and therevelation of previous item slot 570 for item 544 (which previouslyoccupied previous item slot 570), tactile feedback (as indicated at 562)is generated.

FIGS. 5V-5CC illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigatingstructured content in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes described below with referenceto FIGS. 8A-8C.

FIG. 5V illustrates a first portion (e.g., Chapter 3) of structuredcontent 572 (e.g., the book The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling)displayed by touch screen 112.

FIG. 5W-5X illustrate translation of structured content 572 inaccordance with movement of a contact, in accordance with someembodiments.

In FIG. 5W, a contact with touch screen 112 is detected at a locationindicated by focus selector 574. The contact moves across touch screen112 along a path indicated by arrow 578. A characteristic intensity ofthe contact is between a contact detecting intensity threshold IT₀ and ahint intensity threshold IT_(H), as indicated by intensity meter 530. Acurrently viewed position within structured content 572 (e.g., relativeto the overall length of structured content 572) is indicated by scrollposition indicator 576.

In FIG. 5X, structured content 572 has been scrolled in accordance withthe movement of the contact from an initial position as indicated byfocus selector 574 a (e.g., focus selector 574 at a first point in time)to a subsequent position as indicated by focus selector 574 b (e.g.,focus selector 574 at a second point in time that is later than thefirst point in time) along the path indicated by arrow 578. As a resultof the changed currently viewed position within structured content 572due to movement of the contact, structured content 572 is translated.Scroll position indicator 576 is shown at a lower position in the userinterface of 5X than the position of scroll position indicator 576 inthe user interface of 5W (e.g., to indicate the advanced position of thecurrently viewed position within structured content 572 as a result ofthe translation).

FIGS. 5Y-5Z illustrate applying a visual effect to structured content572 and presenting a scroll bar including a scroll position indicator576, in accordance with some embodiments.

In FIG. 5Y, a contact is received on touch screen 112 at a locationindicated by focus selector 574. The characteristic intensity of thecontact is below intensity threshold IT_(H), as indicated by intensitymeter 530. Scroll position indicator 576 is shown (e.g., in response tothe increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact to aboveIT₀) to indicate a position of the displayed portion of structuredcontent 572 within structured content 572.

In FIG. 5Z, the intensity of the contact has increased from below hintintensity threshold level IT_(H), as indicated by intensity meter 530 ofFIG. 5Y, to above intensity threshold IT_(H), as indicated by intensitymeter 530 of FIG. 5Z. The contact moves across touch screen 112 along apath indicated by arrow 580. In response to the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the contact (e.g., the increase aboveintensity level IT_(H)) and the movement of the contact, a visual effectis applied to the displayed section of structured content 572. Theapplied visual effect includes shrinking the displayed portion ofstructured content 572 and pushing the displayed portion of structuredcontent 572 to a lower z-level on touch screen display 112.

In response to the increase in the characteristic intensity of thecontact (e.g., the increase above intensity level IT_(H)), as indicatedin FIG. 5Z, section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 are presentedalong with scroll position indicator 576. Section indicator 586 (whichis the closest of the section indicators to scroll position indicator576), corresponds to the displayed portion (“Chapter 3”) of structuredcontent 572. Section indicators 582 and 584 correspond to portions(e.g., Chapters 1 and 2, respectively) of structured content 573 priorto the displayed portion. Section indicator 588 corresponds to a portion(e.g., Chapter 4) of structured content 573 following the displayedportion.

FIGS. 5AA-5BB illustrate translating structured content 572 to show astart of a next section, in accordance with some embodiments.

In FIG. 5AA, a characteristic intensity of the contact has increasedfrom below hint intensity threshold level IT_(L), as indicated byintensity meter 530 of FIG. 5Z, to above light press intensity thresholdIT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter 530 of FIG. 5AA. In response tothe increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact and themovement of the contact along the path indicated by arrow 580, andbecause the characteristic intensity of the contact increased abovelight press intensity threshold IT_(L), structured content 572 istranslated to display a start of an adjacent section. For example, asdescribed with regard to FIG. 5BB, a next section (“Chapter 4”) isdisplayed, e.g., in accordance with the direction of the movement of thecontact indicated by arrow 580. Section indicators 582, 584, 586, and588 are spread from initial positions, as shown in FIG. 5Z, to adjustedpositions, as shown in FIG. 5AA. In FIG. 5AA, that distances betweenadjacent section indicators are greater than the distances between theinitial positions of section indicators as shown in FIG. 5Z.

In FIG. 5BB, the contact has moved from a position indicated by focusselector 574 c (focus selector 574 at a position in time) to a positionindicated by focus selector 574 d (focus selector 574 at a position intime that is later than the time of 574 c). A next section (“Chapter 4”)of structured content 572 is displayed. Scroll position indicator 576has moved from a position adjacent to section indicator 586, asindicated in FIG. 5AA, to a position adjacent to section indicator 588(e.g., the scroll position indicator has “hopped” over section indicator588), as indicated in FIG. 5BB, to indicate the occurrence of thetranslation to the adjacent section.

FIG. 5CC illustrates a displayed next section of structured content 572after liftoff of the contact has occurred, in accordance with someembodiments. In response to the liftoff of the contact, scroll positionindicator 576 and section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 are nolonger displayed. Structured content 572 is returned to its initial size(e.g., the adjacent section is displayed at the same size of the sectionof structured content 572 displayed in FIG. 5Y).

FIGS. 5DD-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for moving content ona display in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces inthese figures are used to illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 9A-9D and 10A-10C.

FIGS. 5DD-5GG illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5DD and 5EE) andmovement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a contact(FIGS. 5FF and 5GG) when a detected characteristic intensity of acontact has a first intensity prior to lift-off, in accordance with someembodiments.

In FIG. 5DD, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen 112 at alocation indicated by focus selector 594. The contact moves along a pathindicated by arrow 598. A first portion of content 592 (the poem “TheRaven” by Edgar Allan Poe) is presented on touch screen display 112. Asthe movement of the contact occurs, content 592 is scrolled (e.g., inthe direction of movement of the contact). A currently viewed positionwithin content 592 (e.g., relative to the overall length of content 592)is indicated by scroll position indicator 596. In FIG. 5DD, theintensity of the contact is between a contact-detection intensitythreshold IT₀ and a hint intensity threshold IT_(H), as indicated byintensity meter 530.

In FIG. 5EE, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance with themovement of the contact from an initial position as indicated by focusselector 594 a (e.g., focus selector 594 at a first point in time) to asubsequent position as indicated by focus selector 594 b (e.g., focusselector 594 at a second point in time that is later than the firstpoint in time) along the path indicated by arrow 598. In accordance withthe changed currently viewed position within content 592, scrollposition indicator 596 is shown at a lower position in 5EE than theposition of scroll position indicator 596 in 5DD.

In FIG. 5FF, following movement of the contact as described with regardto FIGS. 5DD-5EE, lift-off of the contact from touch screen 112 hasoccurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact following themovement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a velocity (alsoreferred to herein as “speed”) v1, as indicated by dotted arrow 5100.

In FIG. 5GG, the movement of content 592 continues at a reduced velocityv2, as indicated by dotted arrow 5100. The velocity of the movement isreduced from velocity v1, as indicated in FIG. 5FF, to velocity v2, asindicated in 5GG, (e.g., to indicate a friction effect). For example,the movement of the content slows due to virtual friction betweencontent 592 and the virtual surface over which content 592 is moving.

FIGS. 5HH-5KK illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5HH and 5II) andmovement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a contact(FIGS. 5JJ and 5KK) when a detected characteristic intensity of acontact has a second intensity prior to lift-off, in accordance withsome embodiments.

In FIG. 5HH, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen 112 at alocation indicated by focus selector 594. The contact moves along a pathindicated by arrow 5102. A first portion of content 592 is presented ontouch screen display 112. As the movement of the contact occurs, content592 is scrolled (e.g., in the direction of movement of the contact). Acurrently viewed position within content 592 (e.g., relative to theoverall length of content 592) is indicated by scroll position indicator596. In FIG. 5HH, the intensity of the contact has increased above alight press intensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter530. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 is shown (e.g., to indicate anextent to which the characteristic intensity of the contact is affectingcontent scrolling and/or post-lift-off content movement behavior). Forexample, the length of scroll enhancement indicator 5104 provides avisual indication of a simulated inertia of content 592 that occurs onlift-off (e.g., the resistance to slowing down after lift-off from thevelocity with which content 592 is moving in response to the movement ofthe contact prior to lift-off). In some embodiments, a simulated inertiais set based on a characteristic intensity of the contact.

In FIG. 511, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance with themovement of the contact from an initial position as indicated by focusselector 594 c (e.g., focus selector 594 at a first point in time) to asubsequent position as indicated by focus selector 594 d (e.g., focusselector 594 at a second point in time that is later than the firstpoint in time) along the path indicated by arrow 5102. In accordancewith the changed currently viewed position within content 592, scrollposition indicator 596 is shown at a lower position in 511 than theposition of scroll position indicator 596 in 5HH.

In FIG. 5JJ, following movement of the contact as described with regardto FIGS. 5HH-5II, lift-off of the contact from touch screen 112 hasoccurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact following themovement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a velocity v3, asindicated by dotted arrow 5106. Compared with the velocity of movementof content 592 that occurred as indicated in FIGS. 5FF-5GG, content 592moves with a greater velocity in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK (e.g., v3 is greater thanv1) in accordance with the higher characteristic intensity of thecontact with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated in FIGS.5HH-5II.

In FIG. 5KK, the movement of content 592 continues at a reduced velocityv4, as indicated by dotted arrow 5106. The velocity of the movement isreduced from velocity v3, as indicated in FIG. 5JJ, to velocity v4, asindicated in 5KK (e.g., to indicate a friction effect). Compared withthe movement of content 592 that occurred in response to liftoff asindicated in FIGS. 5FF-5GG, content 592 moves by a greater distance inFIGS. 5JJ-5KK in accordance with the higher characteristic intensity ofthe contact with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated inFIGS. 5HH-5II.

FIGS. 5LL-5OO illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5LL and 5MM) andmovement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a contact(FIGS. 5NN and 5OO) when a detected characteristic intensity of acontact has a third intensity prior to lift-off, in accordance with someembodiments.

In FIG. 5LL, a contact is detected on touch screen 112 at a locationindicated by focus selector 594. The contact moves along a pathindicated by arrow 5108. A first portion of content 592 is presented ontouch screen display 112. As the movement of the contact occurs, content592 is scrolled (e.g., in the direction of movement of the contact). Acurrently viewed position within content 592 (e.g., relative to theoverall length of content 592) is indicated by scroll position indicator596. In FIG. 5LL, the intensity of the contact has increased furtherabove a light press intensity threshold IT_(L), to just below deep pressintensity threshold IT_(D) (e.g., the characteristic intensity of thecontact indicated in FIG. 5LL exceeds the characteristic intensity ofthe contact as indicated in FIG. 5HH), as indicated by intensity meter530. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5LL is longer than scrollenhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5HH (e.g., visually indicating thespeed of the content's motion).

In FIG. 5MM, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance with themovement of the contact from an initial position as indicated by focusselector 594 e (e.g., focus selector 594 at a first point in time) to asubsequent position as indicated by focus selector 594 f (e.g., focusselector 594 at a second point in time that is later than the firstpoint in time) along the path indicated by arrow 5108. In accordancewith the changed currently viewed position within content 592, scrollposition indicator 596 is shown at a lower position in 5MM than theposition of scroll position indicator 596 in 5LL.

In FIG. 5NN, following movement of the contact as described with regardto FIGS. 5LL-5MM, lift-off of the contact from touch screen 112 hasoccurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact following themovement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a velocity v5, asindicated by dotted arrow 5110. Compared with the velocity of movementof content 592 that occurred as indicated in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK, content 592moves with a greater velocity in FIGS. 5NN-5OO (e.g., v5 is greater thanv3) in accordance with the higher characteristic intensity of thecontact with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated in FIGS.5LL-5MM.

In FIG. 5OO, the movement of content 592 continues at a reduced velocityv6, as indicated by dotted arrow 5110. The velocity of the movement isreduced from velocity v5, as indicated in FIG. 5NN, to velocity v6, asindicated in 500 (e.g., to indicate a friction effect). Compared withthe movement of content 592 that occurred in response to liftoff asindicated in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK, content 592 moves by a greater distance inFIGS. 5NN-5OO in accordance with the higher characteristic intensity ofthe contact with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated inFIGS. 5LL-5MM. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5OO is shorterthan scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5NN (e.g., visuallyindicating the reduced speed of the content's motion).

FIGS. 5PP-5RR illustrate scrolling through content 592 to a predefinedportion of the content in response to lift-off of a contact when thecontact had a characteristic intensity above an intensity thresholdprior to the lift-off of the contact, in accordance with someembodiments.

In FIG. 5PP, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen 112 at alocation indicated by focus selector 594. The contact moves along a pathindicated by arrow 5112. A first portion of content 592 is presented ontouch screen display 112. As the movement of the contact occurs, content592 is scrolled (e.g., in the direction of movement of the contact). Acurrently viewed position within content 592 (e.g., relative to theoverall length of content 592) is indicated by scroll position indicator596. In FIG. 5PP, the intensity of the contact has increased above adeep press intensity threshold IT_(D), as indicated by intensity meter530.

In FIG. 5QQ, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance with themovement of the contact from an initial position as indicated by focusselector 594 g (e.g., focus selector 594 at a first point in time) to asubsequent position as indicated by focus selector 594 h (e.g., focusselector 594 at a second point in time that is later than the firstpoint in time) along the path indicated by arrow 5112. In accordancewith the changed currently viewed position within content 592, scrollposition indicator 596 is shown at a lower position in 5QQ than theposition of scroll position indicator 596 in 5PP.

In FIG. 5RR, following movement of the contact as described with regardto FIGS. 5PP-5QQ, lift-off of the contact from touch screen 112 hasoccurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact following themovement of the contact, in accordance with a determination that thecontact had a characteristic intensity above an intensity threshold(e.g., deep press intensity threshold IT_(D)) content 592 is scrolled toa predefined portion (e.g., the end of content 592 as indicated byscroll position indicator 596 in 5RR).

FIG. 5SS illustrates an intensity filter, in accordance with someembodiments. Solid line 5114 indicates a detected intensity of acontact. Dotted line 5116 indicates a shifted intensity profile thatindicates filtered intensity values based on the detected intensityvalues indicated by detected intensity 5114. The intensity filter shiftsan intensity profile of a contact, e.g., by a first time shift past thelift-off of the contact. For example, lift-off of the contact occurs ata point in time indicated by t_(lift-off). In some embodiments, acharacteristic intensity value I_(C) at lift-off is determined from apoint on shifted intensity profile 5116 corresponding to a timet_(lift-off) when lift-off of contact from touch screen 112 is detected(e.g., the time when detected intensity 5114 drops to a contactintensity value of 0). In some embodiments, an initial speed for movingcontent (e.g., v1, v3, v5 as indicated in FIG. 5FF, 5JJ, 5NN,respectively) and/or a steady state speed for scrolling through thecontent to the predefined portion (e.g., scrolling to the end of content592 as indicated by scroll position indicator 596 in 5RR) are determinedbased on a selected intensity value (e.g., I_(C)) on the shiftedintensity profile 5116.

FIG. 5TT illustrates a speed filter, in accordance with someembodiments. Solid line 5118 indicates a detected speed of a contact.Dotted line 5120 indicates a shifted speed profile that indicatesfiltered speed values based on the detected speed values indicated bydetected speed 5118. The speed filter shifts a speed profile of acontact, e.g., by a first time shift past the lift-off of the contact.For example, lift-off of the contact occurs at a point in time indicatedby t_(lift-off). In some embodiments, a characteristic speed value V_(C)at lift-off is determined from a point on shifted speed profile 5120corresponding to a time t_(lift-off) when lift-off of contact from touchscreen 112 is detected (e.g., the time when detected speed 5118 drops toa contact speed value of 0). In some embodiments, an initial speed formoving content (e.g., v1, v3, v5 as indicated in FIG. 5FF, 5JJ, 5NN,respectively) and/or a steady state speed for scrolling through thecontent to the predefined portion (e.g., scrolling to the end of content592 as indicated by scroll position indicator 596 in 5RR) are determinedbased on a selected speed value (e.g., V_(C)) on the shifted speedprofile 5120.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method 600 of navigatingwithin and between content items in accordance with some embodiments.The method 600 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300,FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, atouch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thedisplay is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is onor integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display isseparate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 600are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is,optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 600 provides an efficient way to navigatewithin and between content items based on the intensity of a user input.Such methods reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs froma user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to interact withthe content item faster and more efficiently conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

In some embodiments, method 600 is performed at an electronic devicewith a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors todetect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.

The device displays (602), on the display, content of a first contentitem, wherein the first content item is one of a sequence of contentitems (e.g., a plurality of content items).

In some embodiments, the sequence of content items corresponds (604) toa plurality of electronic messages in an electronic messagingapplication (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5J), a plurality of web browserwindows (or tabbed windows) in a web browser, a plurality ofapplications, a plurality of digital images in a set of images (e.g., asingle album or collection in a photo or camera application), or aplurality of sets of digital images (e.g., a plurality of albums orcollections of photos in a photo or camera application). In someembodiments, the sequence of content items corresponds to a plurality ofcontent sections, such as a plurality conversations in a messaging oremail application, a plurality of weeks (or months or years) in acalendar application, a plurality of chapters in a book, a plurality ofscenes in a video, or a plurality of events in a digital image library.

The device detects (606) a user input that includes movement of acontact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface. Insome embodiments, the user input is a swipe gesture that is made withthe contact (e.g., user input 510, FIGS. 5B-5C and/or user input 513,FIGS. 5E-5G). In some embodiments, the swipe gesture includes movementof the contact from a first location on the touch-sensitive surface to asecond location on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, theswipe gesture is a vertical swipe gesture. In some embodiments, theswipe gesture is a horizontal swipe gesture.

In response (608) to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input meets item-switching criteria, thedevice replaces display of the first content item with display of asecond content item (e.g., a different content item distinct from thefirst content item) in the sequence of content items, wherein theitem-switching criteria include a criterion that is met when acharacteristic intensity (e.g., a maximum intensity) of the contact isabove a first intensity threshold (e.g., user input 513, FIGS. 5E-5Gresults in replacing display of content item 502 with display of secondcontent 518).

In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria also include acriterion that is met when the device detects a predetermined magnitude(e.g., amount or distance) of movement of the contact (e.g., FIG. 5Eshows movement of user input 513 as a precondition to replacing displayof content item 502 with display of second content 518). That is, thereis a predetermined magnitude of movement that is required to be detectedby the device in order to cause the device to replace display of thefirst content item with display of the second content item. In someembodiments, slight movement of the contact (e.g., less than thepredetermined magnitude) results in display of a portion of the secondcontent item and the device then reverts back to displaying the firstcontent item when the contact terminates.

In some embodiments, when an initial intensity of the contact does notexceed the first intensity threshold (e.g., IT_(L) in FIG. 5B), thedevice scrolls the first content item in response to the initial userinput (e.g., an initial portion of a swipe gesture). If later during theuser input, the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold, thedevice then transitions to displaying the second content item. In someembodiments, the item-switching criteria are met when the initialintensity of the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold. In someembodiments, the item-switching criteria are met when the initialintensity of the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold while thecontact is moving (e.g., moving above a predetermined velocitythreshold). In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria are not metif the contact is stationary or is moving below a predetermined velocitythreshold, even if the characteristic intensity of the contact exceedsthe first intensity threshold.

In response (608) to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input does not meet the item-switchingcriteria, the device navigates through the content of the first contentitem in accordance with the movement of the contact (e.g., displaying asecond portion of the first content that is different from the firstportion of the content, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C).

In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria includes (610) acriterion that is met when the characteristic intensity of the contactexceeds the first intensity threshold after detecting at least apredetermined threshold amount of movement of the contact. For examplewhen an increase in intensity from below the first intensity thresholdto above the first intensity threshold is detected before the userstarts swiping (e.g., before the device detects movement of thecontact), the device does not switch between content items. Conversely,in this example, when the increase in intensity from below the firstintensity threshold to above the first intensity threshold is detectedduring the swipe, the device navigates to the second content item).

In some embodiments, the second content item is (612) sequentiallyadjacent to the first content item (e.g. in the sequence of contentitems) and is selected based on the respective direction of the movementof the contact. In some embodiments, replacing display of the firstcontent item with the second content item includes displaying atransition between the first content item and the second content item.The transition includes concurrently displaying at least a portion ofthe first content item and at least a portion of the second content itemand the transition is dynamically controlled by the user input.

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item with asecond content item in the sequence of content items includes slidingthe first content item off the display in a direction corresponding tothe respective direction and sliding the second content item onto thedisplay in the direction corresponding to the respective direction. Forexample, when the movement of the contact is principally verticallyupwards, the first content item is slid off the display verticallyupwards toward the top of the display and the second content item isslid onto the display vertically upwards from the bottom of the display.In some embodiments, a vertically upward swipe results in forwardnavigation in the sequence of content items (e.g. when the first contentitem is a photograph, forward navigation results in display of anotherphotograph that is more recent than the first photograph) or vice versa.As another example, when the movement of the contact is principallyvertically downwards, the first content item is slid off the displayvertically downwards toward the bottom of the display and the secondcontent item is slid onto the display vertically downwards from the topof the display. In some embodiments, a vertically downwards swiperesults in backward navigation in the sequence of content items (e.g.when the first content item is a photograph, backward navigation resultsin display of another photograph that is less recent than the firstphotograph) or vice versa. In some embodiments, the device performsanalogous functionality with respect to horizontal swipes. For example,a rightward-swipe results in backward navigation with left-to-rightsliding, and a leftward swipe results in forward navigation withright-to-left sliding or vice versa.

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item with asecond content item includes directly manipulating the first contentitem and the second content item in accordance with the movement of thecontact. For example, the movement (e.g., speed, direction, and/orposition) of the first content item and the second content item, whensliding on and off the display as described above, corresponds to (e.g.tracks) the movement of the contact so that the user feels that she isdirectly dragging the second content item onto the display and pushingthe first content item off the display.

In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the first contentitem includes: in accordance with a determination that the respectivedirection is a first direction on the touch-sensitive surface, scrolling(614) the content in a first direction on the display; and in accordancewith a determination that the respective direction is a second directionon the touch-sensitive surface, scrolling the content in a seconddirection on the display that is different from the first direction onthe display. In some embodiments, navigating through the content of thefirst content item includes directly manipulating the displayed contentof the first content item in accordance with the movement of thecontact. For example, the movement (e.g., speed, direction, and/ordistance) of the content, when scrolled, tracks the movement of thecontact. In some embodiments, the scrolling occurs in the same directionas the sliding of content items on and off the display that would haveoccurred, as described above, had the user input met the item-switchingcriteria. So, for example, a vertically upwards swipe that is below thefirst intensity threshold results in upward scrolling of the firstcontent item, while a vertically upward swipe that is above the firstintensity threshold results in sliding the first content item upwardsoff the top of the display and sliding the second content item upwardsfrom the bottom of the display.

In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the first contentitem in accordance with the movement of the contact includes:maintaining (616) display of a first portion of the first content itemin a first user interface region on the display; and navigating (e.g.,scrolling) through a second portion of the first content item in asecond user interface region on the display. In some embodiments, whenscrolling the content within a content item, a portion of the contentitem (e.g., an email header or universal resource locator (URL) bar) isfixed relative to the content (e.g., the body of the content), whereaswhen switching between the content items, the whole first content item(e.g., both the first portion of the first content item and the secondportion of the first content item) scrolls with the content. Forexample, when switching between the content items, an email headerand/or URL bar scroll with the corresponding content item.

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item withthe second content item includes displaying (618) a transition betweenthe first content item and the second content item; and the transitionincludes reducing a size of the first content item. For example, thetransition includes zooming out from the first content item at the startof the transition to indicate to the user that the device is navigatingto the second content item rather than navigating (e.g., scrolling)within the first content item. In some embodiments, the progress of thetransition is directly controllable by the user, e.g., via the intensityof the contact. So, for example, as the user increases the contactintensity toward the first intensity threshold, the first content itemzooms-out. If the user subsequently reduces the intensity of the contactslightly, the first content item zooms back in. In some embodiments, aplurality of intensity levels within the vicinity of the first intensitythreshold map to a plurality of corresponding zoom levels (e.g., sizes)of the first content item. Thus, the user feels as though she is pushingthe first content item back in the z-direction by pushing harder on thecontact. In some embodiments, as a result of reducing the size of thefirst content item, a region beyond an edge of the first content item isdisplayed (e.g., a background area that is a different color or patternthan a color or pattern of the background of the first content item,illustrating to the user that the first content item has been pushedback in the z-direction, as shown in FIG. 5E).

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item withthe second content item includes displaying (620) a transition betweenthe first content item and the second content item; and the transitionincludes increasing a size of the second content item (e.g., zooming inon the second content item at the end of the transition to indicate thatnavigation to the second content item is complete). In some embodiments,the progress of the transition is directly controllable by the user,e.g., via the intensity of the contact. So, for example, as the userreduces the contact intensity toward the first intensity threshold, thesecond content item zooms-in. If the user subsequently increases theintensity of the contact slightly, the second content item zooms backout. In some embodiments, a plurality of intensity levels within thevicinity of the first intensity threshold map to a plurality ofcorresponding zoom levels (e.g., sizes) of the second content item. Forexample, the increase in intensity of the contact from below the firstintensity threshold to above the first intensity threshold causes thedevice to push the first content item back. Movement of the contact thendrags the second content item onto the display and pushes the firstcontent item off of the display, where both the first content item andthe second content item are zoomed-out during dragging (e.g.,scrolling). When the second content item is scrolled onto (e.g.,entirely onto the display, or past a predefined threshold fortransitioning to the second content item), the second content itemincreases in size when the intensity is reduced from above the firstintensity threshold to below the first intensity threshold, or whenliftoff of the contact is detected, as shown in FIGS. 5G-5I.

In some embodiments, while displaying the first content item, the devicedetects (622) a second user input at a location that corresponds to aselectable affordance (e.g., a URL link, data detected text, or anicon), wherein the second user input includes a second contact that isstationary on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting thesecond user input, in accordance with a determination that the userinput occurs while a focus selector is at a location that corresponds toa selectable affordance (e.g., a URL link, data detected text, or anicon) and the movement of the contact is less than a predeterminedamount (e.g., the contact is stationary or nearly so), the devicedisplays a preview area of content that corresponds to the selectableaffordance overlaid on the first content item. In some embodiments, thedevice determines whether the contact is moving on the touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., the contact moves more than a predetermined amount in apredetermined time) or whether the contact is stationary (e.g., thecontact moves less than a predetermined amount in a predetermined time)on the touch-sensitive surface. When the contact is moving, the deviceeither navigates through the content of the first content item orreplaces display of the first content item with the second content itemdepending on whether the user input meets item-switching criteria, asdescribed above. However, when the contact is stationary and occurs onor over a selectable affordance, the device displays a preview (e.g.,peeks at a second user interface that corresponds to the selectableaffordance via a preview window).

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the userinput begins at a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., theuser input is a flick gesture that starts at the edge of thetouch-sensitive surface, sometimes called an “edge swipe”), the deviceperforms (624) an operation that is distinct from both replacing displayof the first content item with the second content item and navigatingthrough the content of the first content item. For example, for a webbrowser, the operation includes displaying a web page from the historyof web pages viewed in the window/tabbed window of the web browser; foran electronic messaging program, the operation includes displaying(e.g., in sequence) a plurality of representations of electroniccommunications; for a social networking application, the operationincludes displaying a menu with settings for the application.) In someembodiments, in accordance with a determination that the user inputbegins at a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the userinput is a flick gesture that starts at the edge of the touch-sensitivesurface) and has a characteristic intensity above a respective intensitythreshold, the device performs a different operation that is distinctfrom any of replacing display of the first user interface with thesecond user interface, displaying the second portion of the first userinterface, or an operation that is performed when the characteristicintensity is below the respective threshold. For example, in response todetecting an edge-swipe with an intensity above the respectivethreshold, the device displays a multitasking user interface forswitching between open applications).

In some embodiments, after replacing display of the first content itemwith the second content item in the sequence of content items, detectinga second user input that includes movement of a second contact on thetouch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the second user input:in accordance with a determination that the second user input meets theitem-switching criteria, the device replaces (626) display of the secondcontent item with a third content item in the sequence of content items;and in accordance with a determination that the second user input doesnot meet the item-switching criteria, navigating through content of thesecond content item in accordance with the movement of the secondcontact.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 6A-6B have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 800, 900, and 1000) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 600 described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6B. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactileoutputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations describedabove with reference to method 700 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animationsdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 800, 900, and 1000). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 700 of reorderinglist items in accordance with some embodiments. The method 700 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is atouch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integratedwith the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from thetouch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 700 are, optionally,combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 700 provides an intuitive way to reorderlist items. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of theinputs from a user when reordering list items, thereby creating a moreefficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronicdevices, enabling a user to reorder list items faster and moreefficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

The device presents (702) a first portion of a list of items 532 on thedisplay. For example, a list of items 532 includes items 534, 536, 538,540, 542, 544, 546, and 548, as indicated at 5L-5U. In FIG. 5L, aportion of the list of items 532 is presented on touch screen 112. Theportion of the list of items shown in FIG. 5L includes items 534, 536,538, 540, 542, and 544.

The device detects (704) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface 112while the first portion of the list of items 532 is presented on thedisplay (e.g., while a focus selector is over a first item in the listof items). For example, a contact is detected on touch screen 112 at alocation indicated by focus selector 550 while the first portion of thelist of items 532 (including items 534-544) is presented on touch screen112, as shown in FIG. 5M. Focus selector 550 is over item 534 of list532.

The device detects (706) a first movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface 112 while a characteristic intensity of thecontact remains below a first intensity threshold. The first intensitythreshold is, e.g., hint intensity level IT_(H), light press intensitylevel IT_(L), or another statically or dynamically determined intensitylevel. For example, in FIG. 5M, the contact at the location indicated byfocus selector 550 moves on touch screen 112, as indicated by arrow 552,while the characteristic intensity of the contact remains below IT_(H),as indicated by intensity level meter 530.

In response to detecting the first movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface 112 while the characteristic intensity of thecontact remains below the first intensity threshold (e.g., belowIT_(H)), the device scrolls (708) the list of items 532 to present asecond portion of the list of items 532 on the display in accordancewith the first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., as in regular scrolling with a light drag). For example, inresponse to the movement of the contact along the path indicated byarrow 552, list 532 is scrolled to present a second portion of the listincluding items 546 and 548, as indicated in FIG. 5N. To indicate thatscrolling has occurred, scroll position indicator 554 is shown at ahigher position in the user interface of 5N than the position of scrollposition indicator 554 in the user interface of 5M.

While a focus selector 550 associated with the contact is located on afirst item (e.g., item 534) in the second portion of the list of itemspresented on the display (and while continuing to detect the contact onthe touch-sensitive surface), the device detects (710) an increase inthe characteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensitythreshold (e.g., IT_(H) as shown at intensity meter 530) followed by asecond movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Forexample, while focus selector 550 is located on item 534 of the secondportion of the list of items 532, as shown in FIG. 5O, a characteristicintensity of the contact increases above IT_(H), as shown at intensitymeter 530, followed by a movement of the contact along the pathindicated by 556.

In response to detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity ofthe contact above the first intensity threshold followed by the secondmovement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves(712) the first item (e.g., item 534) relative to other items in thesecond portion of the list of items 532 presented on the display inaccordance with the second movement of the contact (e.g., detaching anitem from the list and moving it with a drag that started with a deeppress). For example, as shown at FIGS. 5P-5S, in response to theincrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact above the firstintensity threshold (e.g., above IT_(H), as shown by intensity meter 530as shown in FIG. 5O, above IT_(L), as shown by intensity meter 530 asshown in FIG. 5P, above deep press intensity level IT_(D), or aboveanother statically or dynamically determined intensity threshold level)followed by movement of the contact along the path indicated by arrow556, first item 534 moves relative to other items 536, 538, 540, 546,and 548 in the second portion of the list of items 532.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensitythreshold followed by the second movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface, while the focus selector 550 associated withthe contact is located on the first item (e.g., item 534) in the secondportion of the list of items 532, the device changes (714) an appearanceof the first item (e.g., enlarging the first item, highlighting aboundary of the first item, changing the color or hue of the first item,lifting the first item above the plane of the list of items, orproviding a combination of two or more of the above visual effects,while maintaining the normal appearances of the other items in thelist). For example, as shown in FIGS. 5O-5S, in response to the increasein the characteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensitythreshold (e.g., above IT_(H), as shown by intensity meter 530 as shownin FIG. 5O, or above IT_(L), as shown by intensity meter 530 as shown inFIG. 5P) followed by movement of the contact along the path indicated byarrow 556, while focus selector 550 is located on item 534 in the secondportion of list 532, the appearance of item 534 is changed. For example,a highlighted boundary is shown around item 534, as shown in FIGS.5O-5S. When item 534 is detached from list 532, as shown in FIGS. 5P-5S,the size of item 534 is reduced and item 534 is shown lifted above theplane of the list of items 532. In some embodiments, the appearance ofthe whole list may also change in a different way, so that theappearance change of the first item is still distinguished from theappearance change applied to the other items in the list. In someembodiments, as the characteristic intensity of the contact continues tovary above the first intensity threshold, the amount of appearancechange is dynamically determined and adjusted based on the actualvariation in the characteristic intensity of the contact.

In some embodiments, changing the appearance of the first item (e.g.,item 534) includes (716) dynamically changing a size of the first itemin accordance with the characteristic intensity of the contact (e.g.,dynamically increasing the size of the first item as the currentintensity of the contact increases beyond the first threshold, such thatthe first item overlaps with an item adjacent to the first item). Forexample, when the characteristic intensity of the contact at theposition indicated by focus selector 550 increases from a level abovehint intensity threshold IT_(H), as shown by intensity meter 530 in FIG.5O, to a level above light press intensity threshold IT_(L), as shown byintensity meter 530 in FIG. 5P, the size of item 534 decreases from thesize of item 534 as shown in FIG. 5O to the size of item 534 as shown inFIG. 5P.

In some embodiments, in accordance with the second movement of thecontact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves (718) the firstitem (e.g., item 534) by a first distance relative to a second item(e.g., item 536) that is adjacent to the first item to at leastpartially reveal a first item slot (e.g., item 558) associated with thefirst item on the display. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5P-5R, inaccordance with the movement of the contact on touch screen 112 alongthe path indicated by arrow 556, item 534 moves relative to item 536 topartially reveal item slot 558 associated with 534.

In some embodiments, moving the first item (e.g., item 534) by the firstdistance relative to the second item (e.g., item 536) that is adjacentto the first item includes (720), during an initial portion of thesecond movement of the contact (e.g., during the first 10 mm or 5 mm ofthe second movement of the contact after the intensity of the contacthas reached above the first intensity threshold), moving the first itemat a slower speed than the focus selector 550 to create a distance lagbetween the first item and the focus selector (e.g., the first item isdragged behind the focus selector with some inertia); and during asubsequent portion of the second movement of the contact following theinitial portion of the second movement of the contact (e.g., after thefirst 10 mm or 5 mm of the second movement of the contact after theintensity of the contact has reached above the first intensitythreshold), accelerating the movement of the first item to eliminate thedistance lag between the first item and the focus selector (e.g., duringthe next 2 mm or 1 mm of the second movement of the contact after theinitial portion of the second movement on the contact, the first itemquickly snaps to the focus selector, and moves together with the focusselector for the remainder of the second movement). For example, duringan initial portion of the movement of the contact along the pathindicated by arrow 556, as shown in FIGS. 5P-5Q, item 534 moves at aslower speed than focus selector 550 (e.g., the position of focusselector 550 in FIG. 5P is different from the position of focus selector550 in FIG. 5Q and the position of item 534 in FIG. 5P is the same asthe position of item 534 in FIG. 5Q). During a subsequent portion of themovement of the contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, as shownin FIGS. 5Q-5R, the movement of item 534 accelerates to eliminate thedistance lag between item 534 and focus selector 550 (e.g., item 534moves from a position as shown in FIG. 5Q with focus selector 550 at thelower edge of item 534 to a position as shown in FIG. 5R with focusselector 550 centered on item 534, such that item 534 has “caught up”with focus selector 550).

In some embodiments, the device detects (722) a lift-off of the contactupon moving the first item (e.g., item 534) by the first distancerelative to the second item (e.g., item 536) that is adjacent to thefirst item; and, in accordance with a determination that the firstdistance is smaller than a first threshold distance (e.g., half of aslot height), the device restores the first item into the first itemslot (e.g. item slot 558) associated with the first item on the display(e.g., and reversing visual changes applied to the first item and/orother items in the list, such as restoring the size, transparency, etc.of the first item and/or other items in the list). For example, item 534is restored into item slot 558 (e.g. the location of item 534 beforeitem 534 detached from list 532), resulting in a user interface thatdisplays a list 532 that is the same as list 532 shown in FIG. 5N.

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the firstdistance is greater than a first threshold distance (e.g., half of aslot height), the device moves (724) the second item into the first itemslot associated with the first item to reveal a second item slot (e.g.item slot 560) associated with the second item (e.g., sliding the seconditem into a slot that was associated with the first item). For example,as shown in FIG. 5S, item 536 is moved into first item slot 558 (inwhich item 534 was previously located) and second item slot 560 (inwhich item 536 was previously located) is revealed.

In some embodiments, the device detects (726) a lift-off of the contactwhile the second item slot (e.g. item slot 560) associated with thesecond item (e.g., item 536) is revealed on the display; and in responseto detecting the lift-off of the contact while the second item slotassociated with the second item is revealed on the display, the deviceinserts the first item (e.g. 534) into the second item slot. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 5T1, first item 534 is inserted into item slot560 (that was previously occupied by item 536).

In some embodiments, during the second movement of the contact, for aplurality of other items besides the first item in the list of items,the device moves (728) a respective other item to a respective new itemslot and reveals a respective previous item slot for the respectiveother item on the display. For example, as a movement of the contactthat causes item 534 to pass over multiple other items (e.g., over items536 and 538) occurs, item 536 is moved to item slot 558 and item slot560 for item 536 is revealed; and subsequently item 538 is moved to itemslot 560 and a new item slot (not shown) is revealed.

In some embodiments, the device generates (730) a respective tactileoutput (e.g., thereby providing haptic feedback) as the respective otheritem moves to the respective new item slot and reveals the respectiveprevious item slot (e.g., the tactile output is feedback indicating thatthe respective other item has snapped into a new slot). For example, asshown in FIG. 5S, when item 536 moves to item slot 558 and item slot 560is revealed, a tactile output, as indicated at 562, occurs.

In some embodiments, a respective movement of the respective other itemchanges (732) in accordance with the characteristic intensity of thecontact during the second movement of the contact. For example, themovement of the respective other item slows down when the contactintensity increases. As a result, the scrolling of the other items inthe list during the movement of the first item slows down when theintensity of the contact increases during the second movement of thecontact.

In some embodiments, the device detects (734) that the first item (e.g.item 534) has moved within a second threshold distance of a first end(e.g., top or bottom) of the displayed second portion of the list ofitems in accordance with the second movement of the contact; and, inresponse to detecting that the first item has moved within the secondthreshold distance of the first end of the displayed second portion ofthe list of items, the device scrolls the list of items toward a secondend (e.g., bottom or top) of the displayed second portion of the list ofitems opposite the first end to display a third portion of the list ofitems. For example, as shown in FIG. 5T2, item 534 moves along a pathindicated by arrow 564 to a location within a threshold distance oflower edge 566 of the displayed portion of list 532. The list of items532 is scrolled toward upper edge 568, as shown in FIGS. 5T2-5U. In 5U,items 542 and 544 are revealed. To indicate that scrolling has occurred,scroll position indicator 554 is shown at a lower position in the userinterface of 5U than the position of scroll position indicator 554 inthe user interface of 5T2.

In some embodiments, scrolling the list of items 532 toward the secondend (e.g., toward upper edge 568) of the displayed second portion of thelist of items opposite the first end (e.g., lower edge 566) to displaythe third portion of the list of items includes (736): dynamicallychanging a scrolling speed of the scrolling toward the second end of thedisplayed second portion of the list of items in accordance with thecharacteristic intensity of the contact. In some embodiments, increasingthe intensity of the contact causes the scrolling of the list of itemsto speed up, e.g., to quickly scroll to the desired location in the listfor inserting the first item. In some embodiments, increasing theintensity of the contact causes the scrolling of the list of items toslow down, e.g., to allow the user to see more clearly which items arecoming into view.

In some embodiments, the device applies (738) a transparency effect tothe first item (e.g., making the first item semitransparent) while thefirst item (e.g. item 734) overlaps with another item in the list ofitems (e.g., item 736).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 7A-7C have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 800, 900, and 1000) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 700 described above with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactileoutputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations describedabove with reference to method 700 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animationsdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 800, 900, and 1000). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

FIGS. 8A-8C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 800 of navigatingstructured content in accordance with some embodiments. The method 800is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, orportable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, atouch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thedisplay is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is onor integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display isseparate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 800are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is,optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 800 provides an intuitive way to navigatestructured content. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or natureof the inputs from a user when navigating structured content, therebycreating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operatedelectronic devices, enabling a user to navigate structured contentfaster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the timebetween battery charges.

The device presents (802) a first portion of structured content 572 onthe display, wherein the structured content 572 includes a plurality ofsections, and the first portion includes content from a first section ofthe plurality of sections. For example, structured content 572 (e.g.,the book The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling), as illustrated in FIGS.5V-5CC includes multiple sections (e.g., chapters). FIG. 5V shows aportion including content from Chapter 3 of structured content 572.

The device detects (804) a first contact on the touch-sensitive surfacewhile the first portion of the structured content is presented on thedisplay. For example, as shown at FIGS. 5W-5BB, a contact is received ata location indicated by focus selector 574.

The device detects (806) an increase in a characteristic intensity ofthe first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., an increase frombelow hint intensity threshold IT_(H) to above IT_(H), as indicated atFIGS. 5Y-5Z and/or an increase from below light press intensitythreshold IT_(L) to above IT_(L), as indicated at FIGS. 5Z-5AA) anddetects a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a movement along a path indicated by arrow 580 in FIGS.5Z-5BB). In some embodiments, detection of the movement of the contactis required before detection of the increase in the characteristicintensity of the contact (e.g., to differentiate from a gesture fortriggering a peek and pop response of the user interface). In someembodiments, detection of an increase in the characteristic intensity ofthe contact is required before detection of the movement of the contact.In some embodiments there is no relative timing requirement fordetecting the increase in contact intensity and detecting the movementof the contact.

In response to detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity ofthe first contact and detecting the first movement of the first contact(808): in accordance with a determination that the characteristicintensity of the contact increases above a first intensity threshold(e.g., above intensity light press intensity threshold IT_(L), oranother statically or dynamically determined threshold), the devicetranslates the structured content 572 to display a start of a secondsection adjacent to the first section of the structured content at apredefined location on the display (e.g., the device translates thestructured content to display at the beginning of the UI window or themiddle of the UI window). For example, FIGS. 5AA-5BB illustrate atranslation of structured content 572 from displaying a portion of afirst section (Chapter 3, as shown in FIG. 5AA) to displaying a start ofan adjacent section (Chapter 4, as shown in FIG. 5BB). In someembodiments, the predefined location on the display is chosenindependent of the structured content and/or the movement of thecontact. In accordance with a determination that the characteristicintensity of the contact does not increase above the first intensitythreshold (e.g., does not exceed light press intensity thresholdIT_(L)), the device translates the structured content 572 in accordancewith a magnitude of the movement (e.g., speed or distance) of thecontact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, as shown in FIGS.5W-5X, structured content 572 is translated (e.g., from showing a firstportion of Chapter 3, as shown in FIG. 5W, to showing a second portionof Chapter 3, as shown in FIG. 5X) in accordance with a distancetraversed by focus selector 574 as the contact moves across touch screen112 along a path indicated by arrow 578.

In some embodiments, during the translating of the structured content todisplay the start of the second section adjacent to the first section onthe display, a focus selector 574 associated with the first contact ison (810) the structured content 572 (and not on an index or scroll barpresented on the display). For example, as shown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB,during the translating of the structured content to display the start ofthe second section (e.g., Chapter 4) adjacent to the first section(Chapter 3), focus selector 574 is located on the structured content572.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact and the first movement ofthe first contact (e.g., in response to detecting an increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact above the first intensitythreshold, and the first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface), the device applies (812) a visual effect onthe first portion of the structured content on the display. In someembodiments, applying the visual effect includes shrinking the firstportion of the structured content, and/or pushing the first portion ofthe structured content to a lower z-level on the display. For example,as shown in FIGS. 5Y-5Z, the displayed portion of structured content 572is reduced in size (e.g., from the size of the displayed portion ofstructured content 572 in FIG. 5Y to the size of the displayed portionof structured content 572 in FIG. 5Z) and pushed to a lower z-level onthe display.

In some embodiments, the device removes (814) the applied visual effecton the first portion of the structured content on the display during thetranslating of the structured content.

In some embodiments, prior to the determination that the characteristicintensity of the first contact has increased above the first intensitythreshold (816): the device detects an initial increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact (e.g., an increase abovethe first intensity threshold); and, in response to detecting theinitial increase in the characteristic intensity of the first contact,the device concurrently presents a scroll bar with the first portion ofthe structured content 572 on the display, wherein the scroll barincludes a scroll position indicator 576 that indicates a respectiveposition of the first portion of the structured content 572 in thestructured content 572; and, in response to the determination that thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact has increased above thefirst intensity threshold (e.g., IT_(L)), the device presents aplurality of section indicators (e.g. section indicators 582, 584, 586,and 588 as shown in FIG. 5Z) along with the scroll position indicator576, wherein a relative ordering of the section indicators 582, 584,586, and 588 to the scroll position indicator 576 corresponds torelative positions of the sections to the first portion of thestructured content in the structured content 572.

In some embodiments, presenting the plurality of section indicators withthe scroll bar includes: presenting (818) an animation that shows theplurality of section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 emerging from thescroll position indicator 576 and spreading out along the scroll bar.For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 5Z-5AA, section indicators 582,584, 586, and 588 spread out from initial positions as shown in FIG. 5Zto spread positions as indicated in FIG. 5AA. In some embodiments, theanimation shows the section indicators flying out from the scrollposition indicator, overshooting, and then bouncing back to theirrespective final positions along the scroll bar.

In some embodiments, when translating of the structured content todisplay the start of the second section adjacent to the first section ofthe structured content, the device presents (820) an animation thatshows the scroll position indicator 576 hopping over a respectivesection indicator (e.g., section indicator 588) in the plurality ofsection indicators (e.g., the section indicator that is adjacent to thescroll position indicator in the scroll direction). For example, asshown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB, scroll position indicator 576 hops from abovesection indicator 588, as shown in FIG. 5AA, to below section indicator588, as shown in FIG. 5BB.

In some embodiments, the device detects (822) a lift-off of the firstcontact, and, in response to detecting the lift-off of the firstcontact, the device ceases to display the scroll bar, the scrollposition indicator, and the plurality of section indicators. Forexample, as shown in FIGS. 5BB-5CC, the scroll position indicator 576and section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 shown in FIG. 5BB are nolonger visible when liftoff occurs as shown in FIG. 5CC. In someembodiments, the scroll bar, the scroll position indicator, and theplurality of section indicators are displayed in response to thedetermination that the characteristic intensity of the first contact hasincreased above the first intensity threshold, and if the first movementis detected after the characteristic intensity of the first contact hasdecreased below the first intensity threshold, the section scrollingmode is not entered, and the plurality of section indicators (andoptionally, the scroll bar and the scroll position indicator) areremoved from the display.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the lift-off of the firstcontact, the device presents (824) an animation that shows the pluralityof section indicators (e.g. section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588,as shown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB) moving (e.g., retracting) into the scrollposition indicator 576 before ceasing the display the scroll positionindicator 576.

In some embodiments, the structured content 572 is translated (826) todisplay the start of the second section (e.g., Chapter 4) adjacent tothe first section (e.g., Chapter 3) of the structured content at thepredefined location on the display in accordance with a determinationthat the first movement of the first contact (e.g., along the pathindicated by arrow 580) exceeds a first threshold distance. In someembodiments, if the first movement of the first contact does not exceedthe first threshold distance, the structured content is not translatedto display the start of the second section adjacent to the first sectionof the structured content at the predefined location on the display.Instead, the first portion of the structured content remains to bedisplayed at or is restored to its original location on the displayafter the first movement.

In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the first contactis below (828) the first intensity threshold (e.g., below IT_(L) asindicated by intensity meter 530) after the first movement of the firstcontact (e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 580) exceeds the firstthreshold distance. For example, the user can release the pressure onthe content (e.g., decrease the contact intensity) below the firstintensity threshold after entering the section scrolling mode (e.g.,entering the section scrolling mode with the increase in intensity abovethe first intensity threshold and moving the first contact by at leastthe first threshold distance). Upon reduction of the contact intensity,the device remains in the section scrolling mode, and further movementbeyond the first threshold distance is used for continued sectionscrolling.

In some embodiments, the sections in the structured content are mapped(830) to a plurality of vertical positions on the display (e.g., theplurality of sections correspond to an equal number of positions evenlydistributed on the display in the scrolling direction (e.g., thevertical direction). In some embodiments, the vertical positions arerepresented by respective markers, e.g., section markers (such assection indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588). In some embodiments, thepositions and/or the corresponding markers are located away from thescroll bar, and on the displayed content. In some embodiments, the firstmovement of the first contact from a first position of the plurality ofpositions to a second position of the plurality of positions results ina translation of the structured content from one section of thestructured document that corresponds to the first position on thedisplay to another section of the structured content that corresponds tothe second position on the display. For example, if the structuredcontent has five sections, each section is mapped to a correspondingvertical position on the display along the vertical direction. After theconditions for section scrolling are satisfied and the section scrollingmode has been entered, a movement from the position corresponding tosection 3 to the position corresponding to section 5 causes the contentto be scrolled from section 3 to section 5, as opposed to causing thecontent to be scrolled by the amount determined in regular scrolling. Inother words, regardless of how many pages are included in section 3 tosection 5, a physical movement from the position corresponding tosection 3 to the position corresponding to section 5 on the display(e.g., a fixed physical distance), would cause scrolling from section 3to section 5 in the section scrolling mode. In contrast, in conventionalscrolling, the physical distance of the movement of the contact is muchmore closely correlated with the amount of content scrolling (e.g.,lines, pages, etc.) that is performed.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 8A-8C have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods600, 700, 900, and 1000) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod 800 described above with respect to FIGS. 8A-8C. For example, thecontacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensitythresholds, focus selectors, animations described above with referenceto method 800 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of thecontacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensitythresholds, focus selectors, animations described herein with referenceto other methods described herein (e.g., methods 600, 700, 900, and1000). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method 900 of movingcontent on a display in accordance with some embodiments. The method 900is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, orportable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, atouch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thedisplay is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is onor integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display isseparate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 900are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is,optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 900 provides an intuitive way to movecontent on a display. The method reduces the number, extent, and/ornature of the inputs from a user when moving content on a display,thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to move content ona display faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases thetime between battery charges.

The device presents (902) a first portion of content 592 (e.g., “TheRaven” by Edgar Allan Poe) on a display (e.g., touch screen 112).

While presenting the first portion of the content 592 on the display,the device (904) detects a first contact on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch screen 112) and detects a first movement of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a movement of focusselector 594, such as a movement along a path indicated by arrow 598 ofFIGS. 5DD-5EE, a movement along a path indicated by arrow 5102 of FIGS.5HH-5II, or a movement along a path indicated by arrow 5108 of FIGS.5LL-5MM).

In response to detecting the first movement of the first contact, thedevice scrolls (906) the content 592 to present a second portion of thecontent on the display in accordance with the first movement of thefirst contact. For example, content 592 is scrolled from the firstportion of the content displayed in FIG. 5DD to present a second portionof the content in FIG. 5EE. Scrolling to present a second portion of thecontent 592 is also described with regard to FIGS. 5II, and 5MM.

The device detects (908) an increase in intensity of the first contacton the touch-sensitive surface during the first movement of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, as shown in FIGS.5DD-5EE, the intensity of the contact increases above contact detectionintensity threshold IT₀, as indicated by intensity meter 530, duringmovement of the contact along a path indicated by arrow 598. In FIGS.5HH-5II, the intensity of the contact increases above light pressintensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter 530, duringmovement of the contact along a path indicated by arrow 5102. In FIGS.5LL-5MM, the intensity of the contact increases above light pressintensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated by intensity meter 530, duringmovement of the contact along a path indicated by arrow 5108.

After detecting the increase in intensity of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface during the first movement of the first contacton the touch-sensitive surface, the device detects (910) a lift-off ofthe first contact following the first movement of the first contact onthe touch-sensitive surface. For example, lift-off of the contact isdetected, as indicated at FIG. 5FF, following the movement of thecontact indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE. Lift-off of the contact is alsodetected, as indicated at FIG. 5JJ, following the movement of thecontact indicated in FIGS. 5HH-5II. Lift-off of the contact is alsodetected, as indicated at FIG. 5NN, following the movement of thecontact indicated in FIGS. 5LL-5MM.

In response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact following thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, thedevice moves (912) the content 592 on the display by an amount that isdetermined based on a characteristic intensity of the first contact anda characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact. For example, content 592 moves inresponse to lift-off of the contact from a position as indicated at FIG.5FF to a different position as indicated 5GG. Movement of content 592 inresponse to lift-off is additionally illustrated at FIGS. 5JJ-5KK and5NN-5OO.

In some embodiments, the characteristic speed of the first movement is afirst speed and moving the content 592 on the display by an amount thatis determined based on the characteristic intensity of the first contactand the characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact includes (914): in accordance with adetermination that the characteristic intensity is a first intensity(e.g., a characteristic intensity of the contact below light pressintensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), moving thecontent 592 by a first amount (e.g. movement of content 592 from aposition at lift-off as shown in FIG. 5FF to a moved position as shownin FIG. 5GG); and in accordance with a determination that thecharacteristic intensity is a second intensity that is different fromthe first intensity (e.g., an characteristic intensity of the contactabove light press intensity threshold IT_(L), as indicated in FIGS.5HH-5II), moving the content by a second amount that is different fromthe first amount (e.g. movement of content 592 from a position atlift-off as shown in FIG. 5JJ to a moved position as shown in FIG. 5KK).The amount of movement of content 592 as shown in FIGS. 5FF-5GG is lessthan the amount of movement of content 592 as shown in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK.

In some embodiments, the first intensity is greater than the secondintensity and the first amount of movement is greater than the secondamount of movement (916). For example, the first intensity has acharacteristic intensity of the contact above a light press intensitythreshold IT_(L) (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5HH-5II), the secondintensity characteristic intensity of the contact above hint intensitythreshold IT_(H) and below light press intensity threshold IT_(L) (e.g.,as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), and the first amount of movement ofcontent 592 (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK) is greater than thesecond amount of movement of content 593 (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.5FF-5GG).

In some embodiments, the first intensity is less than the secondintensity and the first amount of movement is greater than the secondamount of movement (918).

In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes (920) setting asimulated friction based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact (e.g., decreasing the simulated friction for largercharacteristic intensity values). For example, in accordance with acontact that has a characteristic intensity above light press intensitythreshold IT_(L) prior to lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.5HH-5II), a first simulated friction effect is set, causing a reductionin the velocity of the movement of content 592 from velocity v3 (asindicated in FIG. 5JJ) to velocity v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5KK). Inaccordance with a contact that has a characteristic intensity above hintintensity threshold IT_(H) and below light press intensity thresholdIT_(L) (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), a second simulatedfriction effect is set, causing a reduction in the velocity of themovement of content 592 from velocity v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5FF) tovelocity v2 (as indicated in FIG. 5GG). In some embodiments, the firstsimulated friction set when the larger characteristic intensity value ofFIG. 5HH-5II is detected is decreased in comparison with the secondsimulated friction set when the smaller characteristic intensity valueof 5DD-5EE is detected.

In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes (922) setting asimulated inertia based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact (e.g., decreasing the simulated inertia for largercharacteristic intensity values).

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display by an amount thatis determined based on the characteristic intensity of the first contactand the characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact includes (924) setting an initial speed ofmovement for moving the content based on the characteristic intensity ofthe first contact (e.g., increasing the initial speed for largercharacteristic intensity values). For example, in accordance with acontact that has a characteristic intensity above light press intensitythreshold IT_(L) prior to lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.5HH-5II), an initial speed is v3 (as indicated in FIG. 5JJ). Inaccordance with a contact that has a characteristic intensity above hintintensity threshold IT_(H) and below light press intensity thresholdIT_(L) prior to lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), aninitial speed is v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5FF). In some embodiments, inaccordance with the larger characteristic intensity value of FIGS.5HH-5II compared with the characteristic intensity value of FIGS.5DD-5EE, v3 is greater than v1.

In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes (926): determiningan initial speed (e.g., v1, v3, or v5 as indicated in FIGS. 5FF, 5JJ,and 5NN, respectively) for continued scrolling after the lift-off of thefirst contact based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact(e.g., as indicated by intensity meter 530) and the characteristic speedof the first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the firstcontact and continuing the scrolling of the content 592 after thelift-off of the first contact with the initial speed determined based onthe characteristic intensity of the first contact and the characteristicspeed of the first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the firstcontact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity and thecharacteristic speed are intensity and speed detected a predefined timeperiod before the lift-off. In some embodiments, the characteristicintensity is determined based on a filtered intensity profile (e.g.,5SS) and/or the characteristic speed is determined based on a filteredspeed profile (e.g., 5TT). For example, the characteristic values arevalues on the profiles 5116 and/or 5120 at t_(lift-off).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase in intensityof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the devicedynamically applies (928) a visual effect on the first portion ofcontent 592 on the display in accordance with a current intensity of thefirst contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, dynamicallyapplying the visual effect includes dynamically resizing (e.g.,shrinking) the content or changing a z-height (e.g., pushing the contentaway from the screen) of the content on the display in accordance thecurrent intensity of the first contact. In some embodiments, the visualeffect is applied only temporarily when the scroll speed is below athreshold speed (e.g., before the scrolling is started and when thescrolling is just started), and the visual effect is removed when thescrolling speed reaches the threshold speed.

In some embodiments, the device presents (930) a scroll bar on thedisplay, wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position indicator 596that indicates a respective position of a currently displayed portion ofthe content 592 in the content 592; and the device presents (932) ascroll enhancement indicator 5104 concurrently with the scroll positionindicator 596, wherein an appearance of the scroll enhancement indicator5104 varies dynamically with a current intensity of the first contact onthe touch-sensitive surface (e.g., scroll enhancement indicator 5104 isshown with a first length in FIG. 5HH, when a characteristic intensityof the contact is at above light press intensity threshold IT_(L), andscroll enhancement indicator 5104 is shown with a second length, greaterthan the first length in FIG. 5LL, when a characteristic intensity ofthe contact is further above light press intensity threshold IT_(L)).For example, the scroll enhancement indicator is a shadow displayed on aside of the scroll position indicator that is opposite to the scrollingdirection, and a length of the shadow dynamically changes in accordancewith the intensity of the first contact, e.g., higher intensity leads toa longer shadow. In some embodiments, the length of the shadow alsoindirectly indicates the amount of deviation (e.g., how much greater aninitial scrolling speed after lift-off of contact) as compared to thecase in a regular scroll action. In some embodiments, the scroll bar isdisplayed with a normal touch intensity, and anything beyond the normaltouch intensity causes the scroll enhancement indicator to appear aswell.

In some embodiments, while moving the content 592 on the display by theamount that is determined based on the characteristic intensity of thefirst contact and the characteristic speed of the first movementdetected prior to the lift-off of the first contact, the devicedynamically changes (934) the appearance of the scroll enhancementindicator 596 in accordance with a current scrolling speed. For example,scroll enhancement indicator 5104 is shown with a first length in FIG.5NN, when a scrolling speed is v5, and scroll enhancement indicator 5104is shown with a second length (shorter than the first length) in FIG.5OO, when a scrolling speed is v6 (v6 is slower than v5, as indicated bythe length of arrow 5110 associated with v6 and with v5). For example,the length of the shadow also indirectly indicates the amount ofdeviation (e.g., how much greater the current scrolling speed is ascompared to the case in a regular scroll action).

In some embodiments, the moving the content 592 on the display by anamount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of thefirst contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes (936): applying anintensity filter to an intensity profile (e.g., 5114 of FIG. 5SS) of thefirst contact, wherein the intensity filter shifts the intensity profile(e.g., as shown at 5116 of FIG. 5SS) by a first time shift past thelift-off of the first contact (e.g., the intensity filter is a functionthat skews and shifts the intensity profile to the right on atime-intensity profile) and determining an initial speed (e.g., e.g.,v1, v3, or v5 as indicated in FIGS. 5FF, 5JJ, and 5NN, respectively) formoving the content on the display after the lift-off of the firstcontact based on a selected intensity value on the filtered intensityprofile 5116. For example, the selected intensity value is the intensityvalue at the time of lift-off on the shifted intensity profile (e.g.,I_(C) on 5116 of FIG. 5SS).

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display by an amount thatis determined based on a characteristic intensity of the first contactand a characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact includes (938): applying a speed filter toa speed profile (e.g., 5118 of FIG. 5TT) of the first contact, whereinthe speed filter shifts the speed profile (e.g., as shown at 5120 ofFIG. 5TT) by a second time shift past the lift-off of the first contact;determining an initial speed (e.g., v1, v3, or v5 as indicated in FIGS.5FF, 5JJ, and 5NN, respectively) for moving the content on the displayafter the lift-off of the first contact based on a selected speed valueon the shifted speed profile 5120; and moving the content on the displaywith the determined initial speed after the lift-off of the firstcontact. For example, the selected speed value is the speed value at thetime of lift-off on the shifted speed profile (e.g., V_(C) on 5120 ofFIG. 5TT). In some embodiments, the selected speed value is greater thanthe maximum speed of the first contact during the first movement.

In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first movement of the firstcontact, the device detects (940) an earlier increase in intensity ofthe first contact while the first contact remains stationary on thetouch-sensitive surface. In an example scenario, the device detects thefirst contact, and then detects an increase in intensity of the firstcontact while the first contact is stationary on the touch sensitivesurface. In this example scenario, even if the device subsequentlydetects a movement of the first contact (e.g., the first movement of thefirst contact), as long as the earlier increase in intensity was notdetected during the movement, the scrolling is performed in accordancewith the first movement, without consideration of the earlier increasein intensity of the first contact while the first contact wasstationary. When another increase in intensity is detected while thefirst contact is moving, then the increase in intensity detected duringthe movement of the first contact is taken into consideration for theinertia scrolling performed after the lift-off of the first contact,e.g., through the use of the characteristic intensity and characteristicspeed of the first contact that were detected during the first movement.

In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in intensity of thefirst contact includes (942) detecting the earlier increase in intensityof the first contact above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a previewintensity threshold, such as hint intensity threshold IT_(H)) while afocus selector 594 is located on a first user interface element on thedisplay, and the device performs a predefined operation associated withthe first user interface element (e.g., presents a preview or a quickaction menu associated with the first user interface element) inresponse to detecting the earlier increase in intensity of the firstcontact above the first intensity threshold (e.g., a preview intensitythreshold) while the focus selector is located on the first userinterface element on the display. In an example scenario, the devicedetects the first contact, and then detects an increase in intensity ofthe first contact above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a hintintensity threshold IT_(H) or a preview intensity threshold) while thefirst contact is stationary on the touch sensitive surface 112 (andcorrespondingly, and while a focus selector 594 is located on a firstuser interface element (e.g., a user interface element that isconfigured to respond to different changes in contact intensity withdifferent user interface responses (e.g., a web link or a representationof a contact, or an application icon) on the display), the deviceperforms a predefined operation associated with the user interfaceelement (e.g., presenting a preview of the webpage referred to in theweb link, presenting a quick action menu associated with the contact, orpresenting a quick action menu associated with the application icon).After the intensity of the first contact has decreased sufficiently(e.g., decreased below the hint intensity threshold or preview intensitythreshold) and before the first contact starts to move, the preview orquick action menus are optionally removed and the user interface isrestored to the same state as it was before the increase in contactintensity of the first contact was detected. At this point, the devicewill resume normal scrolling behavior in accordance with subsequentmovement of the first contact (e.g., the first movement of the firstcontact) without consideration of the earlier increase in intensity ofthe first contact) detected while the first contact was stationary. Whenanother increase in intensity is detected while the first contact ismoving, then the increase in intensity detected during the movement ofthe first contact is taken into consideration of the inertia scrollingperformed after the lift-off of the first contact, e.g., through the useof the characteristic intensity and characteristic speed of the firstcontact that were detected during the first movement.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 9A-9D have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 700, 800, and 1000) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 900 described above with respect to FIGS. 9A-9D. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactileoutputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations describedabove with reference to method 900 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animationsdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 700, 800, and 1000). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

FIGS. 10A-10C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 1000 of movingcontent on a display in accordance with some embodiments. The method1000 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, orportable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, atouch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thedisplay is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is onor integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display isseparate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 900are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is,optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 1000 provides an intuitive way to movecontent on a display. The method reduces the number, extent, and/ornature of the inputs from a user when moving content on a display,thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to move content ona display faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases thetime between battery charges.

The device presents (1002) a first portion of content 592 (e.g., “TheRaven” by Edgar Allan Poe) on a display (e.g., touch screen 112).

While presenting the first portion of the content, the device (1004):detects a first contact (e.g., a contact at a location indicated byfocus selector 594) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen112); and detects a first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a movement of focus selector 594, such asa movement along a path indicated by arrow 5112 of FIGS. 5PP-5QQ).

The device detects (1006) a lift-off of the first contact following thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Forexample, after the movement of the contact indicated by FIGS. 5PP-5QQ,lift-off of the contact occurs as indicated in 5RR.

In response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact following thefirst movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface(1008): in accordance with a determination that the first contact had acharacteristic intensity above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., acharacteristic intensity above deep press intensity threshold IT_(D), oranother statically or dynamically determined threshold) prior to thelift-off of the first contact, the device scrolls through the content toa predefined portion of the content (e.g., a beginning or an end of thecontent, or a next section or previous section of the content, dependingon the direction of first movement). For example, as indicated in FIGS.5PP-5QQ, a characteristic intensity of the contact increased above deeppress intensity threshold IT_(D), as indicated by intensity meter 530.Accordingly, in FIG. 5RR, in response to detection of lift-off of thecontact, content 592 is scrolled to the end of the content (e.g., asindicated by scroll position indicator 596). In accordance with adetermination that the first contact had a characteristic intensitybelow the respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of thefirst contact (e.g., an intensity of the first contact remains below therespective intensity threshold for an entire duration of the firstcontact), the device scrolls through the content by an amount that isdetermined based on a characteristic speed of the first contact duringthe first movement (e.g., scrolling by an amount that is determinedbased on an initial speed of the content on lift-off of the firstcontact and simulated inertia and friction). For example, as shown inFIGS. 5LL-5MM, a characteristic intensity of the contact does notincrease above a deep press intensity threshold IT_(D), as indicated byintensity meter 530. At FIGS. 5NN-5OO, in response to detection oflift-off of the contact, content 592 is scrolled (e.g., by an amountthat is determined based on a characteristic speed of the contact duringthe movement along the path indicated by arrow 5108 in FIGS. 5LL-5MM).In some embodiments, the initial speed of the content is optionallydetermined based on a speed of the contact at a predetermined timerelative to the lift-off time of the contact.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a predefinedportion of the content includes (1010) accelerating scrolling of thecontent to display an end portion of the content on the display. In someembodiments, the accelerated scrolling to display the end portion of thecontent is independent of a movement speed of the first movement and/orthe length of content that needs to be scrolled to reach the endportion.

In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds (1012) to movementtoward a top portion of the display (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5QQ, thecontact moves upward along a path indicated by arrow 5112 toward a topportion of display 112).

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a predefinedportion of the content includes (1014) accelerating scrolling of thecontent to display a beginning portion of the content on the display. Insome embodiments, the accelerated scrolling to display the beginningportion of the content is independent of a movement speed of the firstmovement and/or the length of content that needs to be scrolled to reachthe beginning portion.

In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds (1016) to movementtoward a bottom portion of the display.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an amount that isdetermined based on a characteristic speed of the first contact duringthe first movement includes (1018): scrolling through the content 592 bya first amount before the lift-off of the first contact (e.g., scrollingfrom a first position in content 592, as shown in FIG. 5PP, to a secondposition in content 592, as shown in FIG. 5QQ); and continuing to scrollthrough the content by a second amount after the lift-off of the firstcontact (e.g., scrolling from the second position in content 592, asshown in FIG. 5QQ, to a third position in content 592, as shown in FIG.5RR), wherein the scrolling of the content after the lift-off of thefirst contact is continued at an initial speed that is determined basedon the characteristic speed of the first contact during the firstmovement. For example, during the regular scrolling, how much scrollingactually happens depends on factors such as the amount of content thatcan be scrolled, and the movement speed of the first contact, and doesnot deterministically scroll to the end or the beginning of the content.

In some embodiments, the device detects (1020) the increase in intensityof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface above the respectiveintensity threshold during the first movement of the first contact onthe touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the device detects the increase inintensity above deep press intensity threshold IT_(D), as indicated atintensity meter 530 in FIGS. 5PP-5QQ); and in response to detecting theincrease in intensity above the respective intensity threshold, thedevice applies a visual effect on the first portion of content on thedisplay. In some embodiments, the visual effect is an enlargement of thecontent, or a change in z-height of the content relative to the displayplane.

In some embodiments, the device removes (1022) the applied visual effecton the first portion of content on the display during the scrollingthrough the content to the predefined portion of the content (e.g.,during the accelerated scrolling of the content on the display). Forexample, the visual effect is applied when the intensity is above thefirst intensity threshold, and during the period of time that thescrolling speed is accelerated to a steady state accelerated scrollingspeed, and once the scrolling speed has reached the steady stateaccelerated scrolling speed, the previously applied visual effect isremoved.

In some embodiments, the device applies (1024) an intensity filter to anintensity profile (e.g., 5114 of FIG. 5SS) of the first contact, whereinthe intensity filter shifts the intensity profile (e.g., as shown at5116 of FIG. 5SS) by a first time shift past the lift-off of the firstcontact; and the device determines a steady state speed for thescrolling through the content to the predefined portion of the contentbased on a selected intensity value on the shifted intensity profile5116. For example, the selected intensity value is the intensity valueat the time of lift-off on the shifted intensity profile (e.g., I_(C) on5116 of FIG. 5SS).

In some embodiments, the device scrolls (1026) through the content by anamount that is determined based on a characteristic speed of the firstcontact during the first movement includes scrolling through the contentto display a second portion of the content, and the method includes:while displaying the second portion of the content, detecting apredefined input (e.g., a tap input on the touch-sensitive surface)while a focus selector is within a predefined region (e.g., a predefinedtop or bottom region of the user interface that is displaying the secondportion of the content) on the display; and in response to detecting thepredefined input while the focus selector is within the predefinedregion on the display, scrolling through the content to the predefinedportion of the content (e.g., a beginning or an end of the content or anext section or previous section of the content depending on whether thepredefined region invoked by the predefined input (e.g., a tap input) isat the top or the bottom of the user interface displaying the secondportion of the content). In other words, in some embodiments, the usercan quickly scroll to the predefined portion of the content either by aforced press and flick gesture anywhere in the displayed content, or bya tap gesture within the predefined region in the user interface,regardless of how long the content is, and where the displayed portionof the content is within the content.

In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first movement of the firstcontact, the device detects (1028) an earlier increase in intensity ofthe first contact above the respective intensity threshold while thefirst contact remains stationary on the touch-sensitive surface; and thedevice determines that the first contact had a characteristic intensitybelow the respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of thefirst contact in accordance with a determination that the intensity ofthe first contact remained below the respective intensity thresholdduring the first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface. In an example scenario, the device detects the first contact,and before detecting the first movement of the first contact, the devicedetects an increase in intensity of the first contact above the firstintensity threshold while the first contact is stationary on the touchsensitive surface. This earlier increase in intensity of the firstcontact does not affect the user interface responses that occur duringor after subsequent movement of the first contact (e.g., the firstmovement) if the contact intensity had dropped below the first intensitythreshold before the start of the movement. In other words, when thedevice detects a movement of the first contact (e.g., the first movementof the first contact), as long as any increase in intensity above thefirst intensity threshold was not detected during the movement, thescrolling is performed without consideration of any earlier increase(s)in intensity of the first contact while the first contact wasstationary. When an increase in intensity above the first threshold isdetected while the first contact is moving, then the device scrolls thecontent to the predefined portion (e.g., an end or beginning portion).

In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in intensity of thefirst contact includes (1030) detecting the earlier increase inintensity of the first contact above a first intensity threshold (e.g.,a preview intensity threshold) while a focus selector is located on afirst user interface element on the display, and the device performs apredefined operation associated with the first user interface element(e.g., presenting a preview or a quick action menu associated with thefirst user interface element) in response to detecting the earlierincrease in intensity of the first contact above the first intensitythreshold (e.g., a preview intensity threshold) while the focus selectoris located on a first user interface element on the display. In anexample scenario, the device detects the first contact, and then detectsan increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensitythreshold (e.g., a hint intensity threshold or a preview intensitythreshold) while the first contact is stationary on the touch sensitivesurface (and correspondingly, and while a focus selector is located on afirst user interface element (e.g., a user interface element that isconfigured to respond to different changes in contact intensity withdifferent user interface responses (e.g., a web link or a representationof a contact, or an application icon) on the display). In response tothis increase in intensity of the first contact above the firstintensity threshold, the device performs a predefined operationassociated with the user interface element (e.g., presenting a previewof the webpage referred to in the web link, presenting a quick actionmenu associated with the contact, or presenting a quick action menuassociated with the application icon). Then, after the intensity of thefirst contact has decreased to below the first intensity threshold(e.g., decreased below the hint intensity threshold or preview intensitythreshold) and before the first contact starts to move, the preview orquick action menus are optionally removed and the user interface isrestored to the same state as it was before the increase in contactintensity of the first contact was detected. At this point, the deviceresumes its scrolling behavior in accordance with subsequent movement ofthe first contact (e.g., the first movement of the first contact)without consideration of the earlier increase in intensity of the firstcontact detected while the first contact was stationary. When anincrease in intensity above the first threshold is detected while thefirst contact is moving, then the device scrolls the content to thepredefined portion (e.g., an end or beginning portion).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 10A-10C have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 700, 800, and 900) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 1000 described above with respect to FIGS. 10A-10C. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactileoutputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations describedabove with reference to method 1000 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animationsdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 600, 700, 800, and 900). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 11 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 1100 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 11 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 11, an electronic device includes a display unit 1102configured to display content items; a touch-sensitive surface unit 1104configured to receive user inputs; one or more sensor units 1106configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit 1104; and a processing unit 1108 coupled to the displayunit 1102, the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 and the one or moresensor units 1106. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108includes a detecting unit 1110, a determining unit 1112, and a displayenabling unit 1114. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 isconfigured to: enable display, on the display unit 1102, of content of afirst content item, wherein the first content item is one of a sequenceof content items (e.g., with display enabling unit 1114); detect a userinput that includes movement of a contact in a respective direction onthe touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g., with detecting unit 1110);in response to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input meets item-switching criteria (e.g.,with the determining unit 1112), enable the display unit 1102 to replacedisplay of the first content item with display of a second content itemin the sequence of content items (e.g., with the display enabling unit1114), wherein the item-switching criteria include a criterion that ismet when a characteristic intensity of the contact is above a firstintensity threshold; and, in accordance with a determination that theuser input does not meet the item-switching criteria (e.g., with thedetermining unit 1112), enable the display unit 1102 to navigate throughthe content of the first content item in accordance with the movement ofthe contact (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1114).

In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria includes a criterionthat is met when the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds thefirst intensity threshold after detecting at least a predeterminedthreshold amount of movement of the contact (e.g., with the detectingunit 1110).

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured to: whileenabling display of the first content item (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114), detect a second user input at a location thatcorresponds to a selectable affordance (e.g., with the detecting unit1110), wherein the second user input includes a second contact that isstationary on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104; in response todetecting the second user input: in accordance with a determination thatthe user input occurs while a focus selector is at a location thatcorresponds to a selectable affordance and the movement of the contactis less than a predetermined amount (e.g., with the determining unit1112), enable display of a preview area of content that corresponds tothe selectable affordance overlaid on the first content item (e.g., witha display enabling unit 1114).

In some embodiments, the second content item is sequentially adjacent tothe first content item and is selected based on the respective directionof the movement of the contact.

In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the first contentitem includes: in accordance with a determination that the respectivedirection is a first direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104(e.g., with the determining unit 1112), scrolling the content in a firstdirection on the display unit 1102 (e.g., with the display enabling unit1114); and in accordance with a determination that the respectivedirection is a second direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104(e.g., with the determining unit 1112), scrolling the content in asecond direction on the display unit 1102 that is different from thefirst direction on the display unit 1102 (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114).

In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the first contentitem in accordance with the movement of the contact includes:maintaining display of a first portion of the first content item in afirst user interface region on the display unit 1102; and navigatingthrough a second portion of the first content item in a second userinterface region on the display unit 1102 (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114).

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item withthe second content item includes displaying a transition between thefirst content item and the second content item (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114); and the transition includes reducing a size of thefirst content item.

In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content item withthe second content item includes displaying a transition between thefirst content item and the second content item (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114); and the transition includes increasing a size ofthe second content item.

In some embodiments, the sequence of content items corresponds to aplurality of electronic messages in an electronic messaging application,a plurality of web browser windows in a web browser, a plurality ofapplications, a plurality of digital images in a set of images, or aplurality of sets of digital images.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured to: inaccordance with a determination that the user input begins at a firstedge of the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g., with thedetermining unit 1112), perform an operation that is distinct from bothreplacing display of the first content item with the second content itemand navigating through the content of the first content item (e.g., withthe display enabling unit 1114).

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured to: afterreplacing display of the first content item with the second content itemin the sequence of content items, detect a second user input thatincludes movement of a second contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1104 (e.g., with the detecting unit 1110); enable the display unit1102 to, in response to detecting the second user input: in accordancewith a determination that the second user input meets the item-switchingcriteria, replace display of the second content item with a thirdcontent item in the sequence of content items (e.g., with the displayenabling unit 1114); and in accordance with a determination that thesecond user input does not meet the item-switching criteria, navigatethrough content of the second content item in accordance with themovement of the second contact (e.g., with the display enabling unit1114).

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.11. For example, detection operation 606, and replace and navigationoperations of operation 608 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 inevent sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, andevent dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information toapplication 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application136-1 compares the event information to respective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) correspondsto a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on auser interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation toanother. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally usesor calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 12 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 700 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 12 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 12, an electronic device 1200 includes a display unit1202 configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1204 configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units 1206configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit 1204; and a processing unit 1208 coupled with the displayunit 1202, the touch-sensitive surface unit 1204 and the one or moresensor units 1206. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1208includes: a presenting unit 1210, a detecting unit 1212, a scrollingunit 1214, a moving unit 1216, a display enabling unit 1218, a changingunit 1220, an accelerating unit 1222, a restoring unit 1224, aninserting unit 1226, a generating unit 1228, and an applying unit 1230.

The processing unit 1208 is configured to: present (e.g., with thepresenting unit 1210) a first portion of a list of items on the displayunit; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) a contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit while the first portion of the list ofitems is presented on the display unit; detect (e.g., with the detectingunit 1212) a first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit while a characteristic intensity of the contact remainsbelow a first intensity threshold; in response to detecting the firstmovement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while thecharacteristic intensity of the contact remains below the firstintensity threshold, scroll (e.g., with the scrolling unit 1214) thelist of items to present a second portion of the list of items on thedisplay unit in accordance with the first movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit; while a focus selector associated with thecontact is located on a first item in the second portion of the list ofitems presented on the display unit, detect (e.g., with the detectingunit 1212) an increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by a second movement of thecontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response todetecting the increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by the second movement ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, move (e.g., with themoving unit 1216) the first item relative to other items in the secondportion of the list of items presented on the display unit in accordancewith the second movement of the contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: in responseto detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity of the contactabove the first intensity threshold followed by the second movement ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, while the focusselector associated with the contact is located on the first item in thesecond portion of the list of items, change (e.g., with the changingunit 1220) an appearance of the first item.

In some embodiments, changing the appearance of the first item includesdynamically changing a size of the first item in accordance with thecharacteristic intensity of the contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: in accordancewith the second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit, move (e.g., with the moving unit 1216) the first item by a firstdistance relative to a second item that is adjacent to the first item toat least partially reveal a first item slot associated with the firstitem on the display unit.

In some embodiments, moving the first item by the first distancerelative to the second item that is adjacent to the first item includes:during an initial portion of the second movement of the contact, move(e.g., with the moving unit 1216) the first item at a slower speed thanthe focus selector to create a distance lag between the first item andthe focus selector; and during a subsequent portion of the secondmovement of the contact following the initial portion of the secondmovement of the contact, accelerate (e.g., with the accelerating unit1222) the movement of the first item to eliminate the distance lagbetween the first item and the focus selector.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1212) a lift-off of the contact upon moving thefirst item by the first distance relative to the second item that isadjacent to the first item; and, in accordance with a determination thatthe first distance is smaller than a first threshold distance, restore(e.g., with the restoring unit 1224) the first item into the first itemslot associated with the first item on the display unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: in accordancewith a determination that the first distance is greater than a firstthreshold distance, move (e.g., with the moving unit 1216) the seconditem into the first item slot associated with the first item to reveal asecond item slot associated with the second item.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1212) a lift-off of the contact while the seconditem slot associated with the second item is revealed on the displayunit; and in response to detecting the lift-off of the contact while thesecond item slot associated with the second item is revealed on thedisplay unit, insert (e.g., with the inserting unit 1226) the first iteminto the second item slot.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: during thesecond movement of the contact, for a plurality of other items besidesthe first item in the list of items, move (e.g., with the moving unit1216) a respective other item to a respective new item slot andrevealing a respective previous item slot for the respective other itemon the display unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: generate(e.g., with the generating unit 1228) a respective tactile output as therespective other item moves to the respective new item slot and revealsthe respective previous item slot.

In some embodiments, a respective movement of the respective other itemchanges in accordance with the characteristic intensity of the contactduring the second movement of the contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1212) that the first item has moved within asecond threshold distance of a first end of the displayed second portionof the list of items in accordance with the second movement of thecontact; and, in response to detecting that the first item has movedwithin the second threshold distance of the first end of the displayedsecond portion of the list of items, scroll (e.g., with the scrollingunit 1214) the list of items toward a second end of the displayed secondportion of the list of items opposite the first end to enable display(e.g., with the display enabling unit 1218) a third portion of the listof items.

In some embodiments, scrolling the list of items toward the second endof the displayed second portion of the list of items opposite the firstend to enable display the third portion of the list of items includes:dynamically changing (e.g., with the changing unit 1220) a scrollingspeed of the scrolling toward the second end of the displayed secondportion of the list of items in accordance with the characteristicintensity of the contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: apply (e.g.,with the applying unit 1230) a transparency effect to the first itemwhile the first item overlaps with another item in the list of items.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.12. For example, detection operations 704, 706, and 710; scrollingoperation 708; and moving operation 712 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Eventmonitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and event dispatcher module 174 delivers the eventinformation to application 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 ofapplication 136-1 compares the event information to respective eventdefinitions 186, and determines whether a first contact at a firstlocation on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of thedevice) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such asselection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event orsub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Eventhandler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object updater177 to update the application internal state 192. In some embodiments,event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update whatis displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to aperson having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can beimplemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 13 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 1300 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 13 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 13, an electronic device 1300 includes a display unit1302 configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1304 configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units 1306configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit 1304; and a processing unit 1308 coupled with the displayunit 1302, the touch-sensitive surface unit 1304 and the one or moresensor units 1306. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1308includes: a presenting unit 1310, a detecting unit 1312, a translatingunit 1314, an applying unit 1316, a removing unit 1318, and a ceasingunit 1320.

The processing unit 1308 is configured to: present (e.g., with thepresenting unit 1310) a first portion of structured content on thedisplay unit, wherein the structured content includes a plurality ofsections, and the first portion includes content from a first section ofthe plurality of sections; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) afirst contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the firstportion of the structured content is presented on the display unit;detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) an increase in acharacteristic intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit and detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) a firstmovement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and,in response to detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity ofthe first contact and detecting the first movement of the first contact:in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity ofthe contact increases above a first intensity threshold, translate(e.g., with the translating unit 1314) the structured content to enabledisplay of a start of a second section adjacent to the first section ofthe structured content at a predefined location on the display unit; andin accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity ofthe contact does not increase above the first intensity threshold,translate (e.g., with the translating unit 1314) the structured contentin accordance with a magnitude of the movement of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit.

In some embodiments, during the translating of the structured content toenable display of the start of the second section adjacent to the firstsection on the display unit, a focus selector associated with the firstcontact is on the structured content.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase in thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact and the first movement ofthe first contact, the processing unit is configured to apply (e.g.,with the applying unit 1316) a visual effect on the first portion of thestructured content on the display unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: remove (e.g.,with the removing unit 1318) the applied visual effect on the firstportion of the structured content on the display unit during thetranslating of the structured content.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: prior to thedetermination that the characteristic intensity of the first contact hasincreased above the first intensity threshold: detect (e.g., with thedetecting unit 1312) an initial increase in the characteristic intensityof the first contact; and, in response to detecting the initial increasein the characteristic intensity of the first contact, concurrentlypresent (e.g., with the presenting unit 1310) a scroll bar with thefirst portion of the structured content on the display unit, wherein thescroll bar includes a scroll position indicator that indicates arespective position of the first portion of the structured content inthe structured content; and, in response to the determination that thecharacteristic intensity of the first contact has increased above thefirst intensity threshold, present (e.g., with the presenting unit 1310)a plurality of section indicators along with the scroll positionindicator, wherein a relative ordering of the section indicators to thescroll position indicator corresponds to relative positions of thesections to the first portion of the structured content in thestructured content.

In some embodiments, presenting the plurality of section indicators withthe scroll bar includes: presenting an animation that shows theplurality of section indicators emerging from the scroll positionindicator and spreading out along the scroll bar.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: whentranslating of the structured content to enable display of the start ofthe second section adjacent to the first section of the structuredcontent, present (e.g., with the presenting unit 1310) an animation thatshows the scroll position indicator hopping over a respective sectionindicator in the plurality of section indicators.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1312) a lift-off of the first contact, and, inresponse to detecting the lift-off of the first contact, cease (e.g.,with the ceasing unit 1320) to display the scroll bar, the scrollposition indicator, and the plurality of section indicators.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: in responseto detecting the lift-off of the first contact, present (e.g., with thepresenting unit 1310) an animation that shows the plurality of sectionindicators moving into the scroll position indicator before ceasing thedisplay of the scroll position indicator.

In some embodiments, the structured content is translated to enabledisplay of the start of the second section adjacent to the first sectionof the structured content at the predefined location on the display unitin accordance with a determination that the first movement of the firstcontact exceeds a first threshold distance.

In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the first contactis below the first intensity threshold after the first movement of thefirst contact exceeds the first threshold distance.

In some embodiments, the sections in the structured content are mappedto a plurality of vertical positions on the display unit, and the firstmovement of the first contact from a first position of the plurality ofpositions to a second position of the plurality of positions results ina translation of the structured content from one section of thestructured document that corresponds to the first position on thedisplay unit to another section of the structured content thatcorresponds to the second position on the display unit.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 8A-8C are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.13. For example, detection operations 804 and 806 and translationoperations 808 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) correspondsto a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on auser interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation toanother. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally usesor calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 14 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 1400 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 14 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 14, an electronic device 1400 includes a display unit1402 configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1404 configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units 1406configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit 1404; and a processing unit 1408 coupled with the displayunit 1402, the touch-sensitive surface unit 1404 and the one or moresensor units 1406. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1408includes: a presenting unit 1410, a detecting unit 1412, a scrollingunit 1414, a moving unit 1416, an applying unit 1418, a changing unit1420, and a performing unit 1422.

The processing unit 1408 is configured to: present (e.g., with thepresenting unit 1410) a first portion of content on the display unit;while presenting the first portion of the content on the display unit:detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1412) a first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit; and detect (e.g., with the detecting unit1412) a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit; in response to detecting the first movement of the firstcontact, scroll (e.g., with the scrolling unit 1414) the content topresent a second portion of the content on the display unit inaccordance with the first movement of the first contact; detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1412) an increase in intensity of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit during the first movement ofthe first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; after detectingthe increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit during the first movement of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit1412) a lift-off of the first contact following the first movement ofthe first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in responseto detecting the lift-off of the first contact following the firstmovement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, move(e.g., with the moving unit 1416) the content on the display unit by anamount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of thefirst contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact.

In some embodiments, the characteristic speed of the first movement is afirst speed and moving the content on the display unit by an amount thatis determined based on the characteristic intensity of the first contactand the characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact includes: in accordance with adetermination that the characteristic intensity is a first intensity,moving (e.g., with the moving unit 1416) the content by a first amount;and, in accordance with a determination that the characteristicintensity is a second intensity that is different from the firstintensity, moving (e.g., with the moving unit 1416) the content by asecond amount that is different from the first amount.

In some embodiments, the first intensity is greater than the secondintensity and the first amount of movement is greater than the secondamount of movement.

In some embodiments, the first intensity is less than the secondintensity and the first amount of movement is greater than the secondamount of movement.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes setting a simulatedfriction based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes setting a simulatedinertia based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes setting an initialspeed of movement for moving the content based on the characteristicintensity of the first contact.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on the characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detectedprior to the lift-off of the first contact includes: determining aninitial speed for continued scrolling after the lift-off of the firstcontact based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact andthe characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact; and continuing the scrolling of thecontent after the lift-off of the first contact with the initial speeddetermined based on the characteristic intensity of the first contactand the characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to in response todetecting the increase in intensity of the first contact on thetouch-sensitive surface unit, dynamically apply (e.g., with the applyingunit 1418) a visual effect on the first portion of content on thedisplay unit in accordance with a current intensity of the first contacton the touch-sensitive surface unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: present(e.g., with the presenting unit 1418) a scroll bar on the display unit,wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position indicator thatindicates a respective position of a currently displayed portion of thecontent in the content; and present (e.g., with the presenting unit1418) a scroll enhancement indicator concurrently with the scrollposition indicator, wherein an appearance of the scroll enhancementindicator varies dynamically with a current intensity of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: while movingthe content on the display unit by the amount that is determined basedon the characteristic intensity of the first contact and thecharacteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to thelift-off of the first contact, dynamically change (e.g., with thechanging unit 1420) the appearance of the scroll enhancement indicatorin accordance with a current scrolling speed.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on a characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and a characteristic speed of the first movement detected priorto the lift-off of the first contact includes: applying an intensityfilter to an intensity profile of the first contact, wherein theintensity filter shifts the intensity profile by a first time shift pastthe lift-off of the first contact; and determining an initial speed formoving the content on the display unit after the lift-off of the firstcontact based on a selected intensity value on the filtered intensityprofile.

In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit by an amountthat is determined based on a characteristic intensity of the firstcontact and a characteristic speed of the first movement detected priorto the lift-off of the first contact includes: applying a speed filterto a speed profile of the first contact, wherein the speed filter shiftsthe speed profile by a second time shift past the lift-off of the firstcontact; determining an initial speed for moving the content on thedisplay unit after the lift-off of the first contact based on a selectedspeed value on the shifted speed profile; and moving the content on thedisplay unit with the determined initial speed after the lift-off of thefirst contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: prior todetecting the first movement of the first contact, detect (e.g., withthe detecting unit 1412) an earlier increase in intensity of the firstcontact while the first contact remains stationary on thetouch-sensitive surface unit.

In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in intensity of thefirst contact includes detecting the earlier increase in intensity ofthe first contact above a first intensity threshold while a focusselector is located on a first user interface element on the displayunit, and the processing unit is configured to perform (e.g., with theperforming unit 1422) a predefined operation associated with the firstuser interface element in response to detecting the earlier increase inintensity of the first contact above the first intensity threshold whilethe focus selector is located on the first user interface element on thedisplay unit.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 9A-9D are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.14. For example, detection operations 904, 908, and 910, scrollingoperation 906, and moving operation 912 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Eventmonitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and event dispatcher module 174 delivers the eventinformation to application 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 ofapplication 136-1 compares the event information to respective eventdefinitions 186, and determines whether a first contact at a firstlocation on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of thedevice) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such asselection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event orsub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Eventhandler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object updater177 to update the application internal state 192. In some embodiments,event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update whatis displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to aperson having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can beimplemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 15 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 1500 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 15 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 15, an electronic device 1500 includes a display unit1402 configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1504 configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units 1506configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit 1504; and a processing unit 1508 coupled with the displayunit 1502, the touch-sensitive surface unit 1504 and the one or moresensor units 1506. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1508includes: a presenting unit 1510, a detecting unit 1512, scrolling unit1514, an applying unit 1516, a removing unit 1518, a determining unit1520, and a performing unit 1522.

The processing unit 1508 is configured to: present (e.g., with thepresenting unit 1510); a first portion of content on the display unit;while presenting the first portion of the content: detect (e.g., withthe detecting unit 1512) a first contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit; and detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1512) a first movementof the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1512) a lift-off of the first contact followingthe first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit; and, in response to detecting the lift-off of the first contactfollowing the first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitivesurface unit: in accordance with a determination that the first contacthad a characteristic intensity above a respective intensity thresholdprior to the lift-off of the first contact, scroll (e.g., with thescrolling unit 1514) through the content to a predefined portion of thecontent; and in accordance with a determination that the first contacthad a characteristic intensity below the respective intensity thresholdprior to the lift-off of the first contact, scroll (e.g., with thescrolling unit 1514) through the content by an amount that is determinedbased on a characteristic speed of the first contact during the firstmovement.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a predefinedportion of the content includes accelerating scrolling of the content toenable display of an end portion of the content on the display unit.

In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds to movement toward atop portion of the display unit.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a predefinedportion of the content includes accelerating scrolling of the content toenable display of a beginning portion of the content on the displayunit.

In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds to movement toward abottom portion of the display unit.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an amount that isdetermined based on a characteristic speed of the first contact duringthe first movement includes: scrolling through the content by a firstamount before the lift-off of the first contact; and continuing toscroll through the content by a second amount after the lift-off of thefirst contact, wherein the scrolling of the content after the lift-offof the first contact is continued at an initial speed that is determinedbased on the characteristic speed of the first contact during the firstmovement.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: detect (e.g.,with the detecting unit 1512) the increase in intensity of the firstcontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit above the respectiveintensity threshold during the first movement of the first contact onthe touch-sensitive surface unit; and in response to detecting theincrease in intensity above the respective intensity threshold, apply(e.g., with the applying unit 1516) a visual effect on the first portionof content on the display unit.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to remove (e.g.,with the removing unit 1518) the applied visual effect on the firstportion of content on the display unit during the scrolling through thecontent to the predefined portion of the content.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: apply (e.g.,with the applying unit 1516) an intensity filter to an intensity profileof the first contact, wherein the intensity filter shifts the intensityprofile by a first time shift past the lift-off of the first contact;and determine (e.g., with the determining unit 1520) a steady statespeed for the scrolling through the content to the predefined portion ofthe content based on a selected intensity value on the shifted intensityprofile.

In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an amount that isdetermined based on a characteristic speed of the first contact duringthe first movement includes scrolling through the content to enabledisplay of a second portion of the content, and the processing unit isconfigured to: while displaying the second portion of the content,detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1512) a predefined input while afocus selector is within a predefined region on the display unit; and inresponse to detecting the predefined input while the focus selector iswithin the predefined region on the display unit, scroll (e.g., with thescrolling unit 1514) through the content to the predefined portion ofthe content.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to: prior todetecting the first movement of the first contact, detect (e.g., withthe detecting unit 1512) an earlier increase in intensity of the firstcontact above the respective intensity threshold while the first contactremains stationary on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and determine(e.g., with the determining unit 1520) that the first contact had acharacteristic intensity below the respective intensity threshold priorto the lift-off of the first contact in accordance with a determinationthat the intensity of the first contact remained below the respectiveintensity threshold during the first movement of the first contact onthe touch-sensitive surface unit.

In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in intensity of thefirst contact includes detecting the earlier increase in intensity ofthe first contact above a first intensity threshold while a focusselector is located on a first user interface element on the displayunit, and the processing unit is configured to perform (e.g., with theperforming unit 1522) a predefined operation associated with the firstuser interface element in response to detecting the earlier increase inintensity of the first contact above the first intensity threshold whilethe focus selector is located on a first user interface element on thedisplay unit.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 10A-10C are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.15. For example, detection operations 1004, 1006 and scrollingoperations 1008 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) correspondsto a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on auser interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation toanother. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally usesor calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and variousdescribed embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer readable storage medium storing one ormore programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, whichwhen executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display, on thedisplay, content of a first content item, wherein the first content itemis one of a sequence of content items; detect a user input that includesmovement of a contact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitivesurface; in response to detecting the user input: in accordance with adetermination that the user input meets item-switching criteria, replacedisplay of the first content item with display of a second content itemin the sequence of content items, wherein the item-switching criteriainclude a criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity of thecontact is above a first intensity threshold; and, in accordance with adetermination that the user input does not meet the item-switchingcriteria, navigate through the content of the first content item inaccordance with the movement of the contact.
 2. The computer readablestorage medium of claim 1, wherein the item-switching criteria includesa criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity of the contactexceeds the first intensity threshold after detecting at least apredetermined threshold amount of movement of the contact.
 3. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the user input is afirst user input, and the one or more programs include instructions,which when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to: whiledisplaying the first content item, detect a second user input at alocation that corresponds to a selectable affordance, wherein the seconduser input includes a second contact that is stationary on thetouch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the second user input:in accordance with a determination that the second user input occurswhile a focus selector is at a location that corresponds to a selectableaffordance, and the movement of the second contact is less than apredetermined amount, display a preview area of content that correspondsto the selectable affordance overlaid on the first content item.
 4. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the second contentitem is sequentially adjacent to the first content item in the sequenceof content items and is selected based on the respective direction ofthe movement of the contact.
 5. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 1, wherein navigating through the content of the first contentitem includes: in accordance with a determination that the respectivedirection is a first direction on the touch-sensitive surface, scrollingthe content in a first direction on the display; and in accordance witha determination that the respective direction is a second direction onthe touch-sensitive surface, scrolling the content in a second directionon the display that is different from the first direction on thedisplay.
 6. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1, whereinnavigating through the content of the first content item in accordancewith the movement of the contact includes: maintaining display of afirst portion of the first content item in a first user interface regionon the display; and navigating through a second portion of the firstcontent item in a second user interface region on the display.
 7. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein: replacing displayof the first content item with the second content item includesdisplaying a transition between the first content item and the secondcontent item; and the transition includes reducing a size of the firstcontent item.
 8. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1,wherein: replacing display of the first content item with the secondcontent item includes displaying a transition between the first contentitem and the second content item; and the transition includes increasinga size of the second content item
 9. The computer readable storagemedium of claim 1, wherein the sequence of content items corresponds toa plurality of electronic messages in an electronic messagingapplication, a plurality of web browser windows in a web browser, aplurality of applications, a plurality of digital images in a set ofimages, or a plurality of sets of digital images.
 10. The computerreadable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the one or more programsincludes instructions, which when executed by the electronic device,cause the device to: in accordance with a determination that the userinput begins at a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface, perform anoperation that is distinct from both replacing display of the firstcontent item with the second content item and navigating through thecontent of the first content item.
 11. The computer readable storagemedium of claim 1, wherein the user input is a first user input, and theone or more programs include instructions, which when executed by theelectronic device, cause the device to: after replacing display of thefirst content item with the second content item in the sequence ofcontent items, detect a second user input that includes movement of asecond contact on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detectingthe second user input: in accordance with a determination that thesecond user input meets the item-switching criteria, replace display ofthe second content item with a third content item in the sequence ofcontent items; and in accordance with a determination that the seconduser input does not meet the item-switching criteria, navigate throughcontent of the second content item in accordance with the movement ofthe second contact.
 12. An electronic device, comprising: a display; atouch-sensitive surface; one or more sensors to detect intensities ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface; one or more processors;memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs arestored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or moreprocessors, the one or more programs including instructions for:displaying, on the display, content of a first content item, wherein thefirst content item is one of a sequence of content items; detecting auser input that includes movement of a contact in a respective directionon the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the user input:in accordance with a determination that the user input meetsitem-switching criteria, replacing display of the first content itemwith display of a second content item in the sequence of content items,wherein the item-switching criteria include a criterion that is met whena characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensitythreshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user inputdoes not meet the item-switching criteria, navigating through thecontent of the first content item in accordance with the movement of thecontact.
 13. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface: displaying, onthe display, content of a first content item, wherein the first contentitem is one of a sequence of content items; detecting a user input thatincludes movement of a contact in a respective direction on thetouch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the user input: inaccordance with a determination that the user input meets item-switchingcriteria, replacing display of the first content item with display of asecond content item in the sequence of content items, wherein theitem-switching criteria include a criterion that is met when acharacteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensitythreshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user inputdoes not meet the item-switching criteria, navigating through thecontent of the first content item in accordance with the movement of thecontact.